A hospital's P & T Committee is considering whether a particular drug should be considered for therapeutic substitution. The pharmacotherapy specialist considers the acquisition cost of each medication and recommends using the drug with the lower cost. Which of the following types of analysis has the pharmacotherapy specialist used?

• A.Cost-minimization
• B.Cost-benefit
• C.Cost-utility
• D.Cost-effectiveness

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A pharmacotherapy specialist has been asked to provide information on the incidence of a particular side effect for a drug that has now been on the U.S. market for 5 years. The only information available comes from the FDA's MedWatch program. The apparent incidence of a given adverse effect, as determined from the MedWatch database, is likely to be which of the following?

• A.Reliable because the data are accumulated in cooperation with the pharmaceutical industry
• B.Unreliable because reporting healthcare providers usually fail to establish a temporal relationship
• C.Unreliable because the voluntary nature of reporting makes numerator data questionable
• D.Reliable because healthcare institutions such as hospitals are mandated to report all adverse drug events to the FDA

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Prednisone 10 mg orally daily is prescribed for a 68-year-old 60-kg patient with acute temporal arteritis. The pharmacotherapy specialist would recommend which of the following?

• A.Dose should be increased to 20 mg daily.
• B.Dose should be increased to 60 mg daily.
• C.Prednisone should be discontinued after 2 Weeks.
• D.Dose should be decreased to 5 mg daily.

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The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures health plan performance on important dimensions of care and service. The benchmarks used for quality of care are derived from goals established by the:

• A.National Quality Forum.
• B.Joint Commission.
• C.National Committee for Quality Assurance.
• D.Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

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In which of the following scenarios should the error be reported to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices?

• A.A shipment of influenza vaccine was received by the pharmacy and was not placed in a refrigerator until the following day.
• B.A patient receives a 30-day supply of a prescription written for twice daily dosing with only 30 tablets dispensed.
• C.A pharmacy technician fills a prescription incorrectly with a "sound-alike" product, but the error is caught by the pharmacist before being dispensed to the patient.
• D.A patient complains to a pharmacy manager that she did not receive an iPLEDGE brochure when receiving isotretinoin.

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