Which of the following would be the best ways to ensure only authorized personnel can access a secure facility? (Select two).
Correct Answer: C,D
Badge access and access control vestibule are two of the best ways to ensure only authorized personnel can access a secure facility. Badge access requires the personnel to present a valid and authenticated badge to a reader or scanner that grants or denies access based on predefined rules and permissions. Access control vestibule is a physical security measure that consists of a small room or chamber with two doors, one leading to the outside and one leading to the secure area. The personnel must enter the vestibule and wait for the first door to close and lock before the second door can be opened. This prevents tailgating or piggybacking by unauthorized individuals. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, Chapter 4, pages 197-1981
Question 112
An administrator notices that several users are logging in from suspicious IP addresses. After speaking with the users, the administrator determines that the employees were not logging in from those IP addresses and resets the affected users' passwords. Which of the following should the administrator implement to prevent this type of attack from succeeding in the future?
Correct Answer: A
The correct answer is A because multifactor authentication (MFA) is a method of verifying a user's identity by requiring more than one factor, such as something the user knows (e.g., password), something the user has (e.g., token), or something the user is (e.g., biometric). MFA can prevent unauthorized access even if the user's password is compromised, as the attacker would need to provide another factor to log in. The other options are incorrect because they do not address the root cause of the attack, which is weak authentication. Permissions assignment (B) is the process of granting or denying access to resources based on the user's role or identity. Access management is the process of controlling who can access what and under what conditions. Password complexity (D) is the requirement of using strong passwords that are hard to guess or crack, but it does not prevent an attacker from using a stolen password. Reference = You can learn more about multifactor authentication and other security concepts in the following resources: CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 1: General Security Concepts1 Professor Messer's CompTIA SY0-701 Security+ Training Course, Section 1.2: Security Concepts2 Multi-factor Authentication - SY0-601 CompTIA Security+ : 2.43 TOTAL: CompTIA Security+ Cert (SY0-701) | Udemy, Section 3: Identity and Access Management, Lecture 15: Multifactor Authentication4 CompTIA Security+ Certification SY0-601: The Total Course [Video], Chapter 3: Identity and Account Management, Section 2: Enabling Multifactor Authentication5
Question 113
A security analyst receives alerts about an internal system sending a large amount of unusual DNS queries to systems on the internet over short periods of time during non-business hours. Which of the following is most likely occurring?
Correct Answer: B
Data exfiltration is a technique that attackers use to steal sensitive data from a target system or network by transmitting it through DNS queries and responses. This method is often used in advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks, in which attackers seek to persistently evade detection in the target environment. A large amount of unusual DNS queries to systems on the internet over short periods of time during non-business hours is a strong indicator of data exfiltration. A worm, a logic bomb, and ransomware would not use DNS queries to communicate with their command and control servers or perform their malicious actions. Reference: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page 487; Introduction to DNS Data Exfiltration; Identifying a DNS Exfiltration Attack That Wasn't Real - This Time
Question 114
An organization would like to store customer data on a separate part of the network that is not accessible to users on the main corporate network. Which of the following should the administrator use to accomplish this goal?
Correct Answer: A
Segmentation is a network design technique that divides the network into smaller and isolated segments based on logical or physical boundaries. Segmentation can help improve network security by limiting the scope of an attack, reducing the attack surface, and enforcing access control policies. Segmentation can also enhance network performance, scalability, and manageability. To accomplish the goal of storing customer data on a separate part of the network, the administrator can use segmentation technologies such as subnetting, VLANs, firewalls, routers, or switches. Reference: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page 308-309 1
Question 115
Which of the following should a security administrator adhere to when setting up a new set of firewall rules?
Correct Answer: D
Explanation A change management procedure is a set of steps and guidelines that a security administrator should adhere to when setting up a new set of firewall rules. A firewall is a device or software that can filter, block, or allow network traffic based on predefined rules or policies. A firewall rule is a statement that defines the criteria and action for a firewall to apply to a packet or a connection. For example, a firewall rule can allow or deny traffic based on the source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocols, or applications. Setting up a new set of firewall rules is a type of change that can affect the security, performance, and functionality of the network. Therefore, a change management procedure is necessary to ensure that the change is planned, tested, approved, implemented, documented, and reviewed in a controlled and consistent manner. A change management procedure typically includes the following elements: * A change request that describes the purpose, scope, impact, and benefits of the change, as well as the roles and responsibilities of the change owner, implementer, and approver. * A change assessment that evaluates the feasibility, risks, costs, and dependencies of the change, as well as the alternatives and contingency plans. * A change approval that authorizes the change to proceed to the implementation stage, based on the criteria and thresholds defined by the change policy. * A change implementation that executes the change according to the plan and schedule, and verifies the results and outcomes of the change. * A change documentation that records the details and status of the change, as well as the lessons learned and best practices. * A change review that monitors and measures the performance and effectiveness of the change, and identifies any issues or gaps that need to be addressed or improved. A change management procedure is important for a security administrator to adhere to when setting up a new set of firewall rules, as it can help to achieve the following objectives: * Enhance the security posture and compliance of the network by ensuring that the firewall rules are aligned with the security policies and standards, and that they do not introduce any vulnerabilities or conflicts. * Minimize the disruption and downtime of the network by ensuring that the firewall rules are tested and validated before deployment, and that they do not affect the availability or functionality of the network services or applications. * Improve the efficiency and quality of the network by ensuring that the firewall rules are optimized and * updated according to the changing needs and demands of the network users and stakeholders, and that they do not cause any performance or compatibility issues. * Increase the accountability and transparency of the network by ensuring that the firewall rules are documented and reviewed regularly, and that they are traceable and auditable by the relevant authorities and parties. The other options are not correct because they are not related to the process of setting up a new set of firewall rules. A disaster recovery plan is a set of policies and procedures that aim to restore the normal operations of an organization in the event of a system failure, natural disaster, or other emergency. An incident response procedure is a set of steps and guidelines that aim to contain, analyze, eradicate, and recover from a security incident, such as a cyberattack, data breach, or malware infection. A business continuity plan is a set of strategies and actions that aim to maintain the essential functions and operations of an organization during and after a disruptive event, such as a pandemic, power outage, or civil unrest. References = CompTIA Security+ Study Guide (SY0-701), Chapter 7: Resilience and Recovery, page 325. Professor Messer's CompTIA SY0-701 Security+ Training Course, Section 1.3: Security Operations, video: Change Management (5:45).
