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  2. EC-COUNCIL Certification
  3. 112-57 Exam
  4. EC-COUNCIL.112-57.v2026-05-19.q25 Dumps
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Question 21

Which of the following tools can be used by an investigator to analyze the metadata of files in a Windows- based system?

Correct Answer: A
Bulk Extractoris a digital forensics utility specifically designed to scan storage media (or forensic disk images) and automatically extractstructured artifacts and metadata-like featureswithout relying strictly on file system parsing. In Windows investigations, it is commonly used to identify and pull out items such as email addresses, URLs, domain names, credit card patterns, timestamps, GPS coordinates, and other feature records that can be treated as metadata indicators during triage and deep analysis. Because it works by scanning raw data blocks and producing feature reports, it can recover useful information even when files are deleted, partially corrupted, or when file system structures are damaged-conditions frequently encountered in forensic cases. Investigators use its outputs to correlate user activity, locate sensitive data exposure, and identify evidence-rich regions for further examination with file-level tools.
The other options do not match the requirement of analyzing file metadata broadly.Tor browseris an anonymity-focused web browser, not a forensic metadata analyzer.IECachesViewis a niche utility for viewing Internet Explorer cache/history artifacts rather than general file metadata analysis.Paraben P2 Commandertargets peer-to-peer investigations and related artifacts, not general metadata extraction across files. Therefore, the correct tool for analyzing metadata-like artifacts on a Windows-based system isBulk Extractor (A).
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Question 22

Jennifer, a forensics investigation team member, was inspecting a compromised system. After gathering all the evidence related to the compromised system, she disconnected the system from the network to stop the spread of the incident to other systems.
Identify the role played by Jennifer in the forensics investigation.

Correct Answer: A
Jennifer's actions match the responsibilities of anincident responder, whose job spans immediatecontainment, preservation, and stabilizationactivities during an active or recently active security incident. In standard digital forensics and incident response (DFIR) procedures, responders first take steps topreserve evidence(e.g., documenting the scene, capturing volatile data when appropriate, and collecting relevant system artifacts) and then executecontainment measuresto prevent further harm. Disconnecting a compromised host from the network is a classic containment control used to stop malware propagation, block command-and-control communications, and prevent lateral movement to other systems.
Anincident analyzertypically focuses on deeper technical analysis-timeline reconstruction, root cause determination, and correlating artifacts across hosts and logs-rather than performing immediate containment.
Anevidence manageris primarily responsible for maintaining evidence integrity, chain of custody, storage, labeling, and access control, not operational containment. Anexpert witnessprovides formal testimony and interpretation in legal or disciplinary proceedings and is not usually involved in live containment actions.
Since Jennifer bothgathered evidenceand thenisolated the system to stop spread, the role most consistent with documented DFIR responsibilities isIncident responder (A).
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Question 23

Steve, a professional hacker, attempted to hack Alice's banking account. To accomplish his goal, Steve used an automated tool to guess Alice's login credentials. The tool uses a trial-and-error method by attempting all possible combinations of usernames and passwords to determine the valid credentials.
Identify the type of attack initiated by Steve in the above scenario.

Correct Answer: A
The scenario describes an automated, trial-and-error attempt that triesall possible combinations of usernames and passwordsuntil a correct credential pair is found. This is the defining characteristic of abrute-force attack.
In digital forensics terminology, brute force is a direct password-guessing method that relies on exhaustive attempts (or systematically generated candidates) rather than tricking the user or exploiting a software flaw.
Investigators commonly recognize brute-force activity through artifacts such as repeated authentication failures in security logs, high-frequency login attempts from a single IP or distributed sources, account lockout events, and abnormal spikes in authentication traffic. In banking and web environments, it may also appear as repeated POST requests to login endpoints with varying credential pairs and consistent user-agent patterns, sometimes accompanied by throttling or CAPTCHA triggers.
The other options do not match the described "attempting all possible combinations" behavior.
Phishingobtains credentials by deception (fake emails/sites). ATrojan horsesteals data by running malicious code on the victim's system.Data manipulationfocuses on altering data integrity rather than credential guessing. Therefore, the correct attack type isBrute-force attack (A).
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Question 24

Bob, a forensic specialist at a newly established NGO, discovered a security loophole in the NGO's web application, which unintentionally reveals early enrolled NGO members' biodata to attackers. Bob immediately employed a content filtering mechanism to protect all the NGO's data sources and prevent further damage.
Identify the web application threat identified by Bob in the above scenario.

Correct Answer: B
The scenario describes a web application thatunintentionally reveals sensitive member biodatato attackers.
This is a classic case ofinformation leakage, where confidential or private data becomes exposed due to poor access control, improper output handling, verbose error messages, misconfigured endpoints, insecure direct object references, or unintended exposure through pages, APIs, backups, or logs. In forensic and web security documentation, information leakage is defined by theunauthorized disclosure of data, even if the attacker does not alter the system. The key indicator here is that the application is "revealing" biodata-meaning confidentiality is breached.
Bob's response-using acontent filtering mechanism-also aligns with mitigating data exposure. Content filtering can prevent sensitive fields from being returned, mask personally identifiable information, restrict responses based on user role, and sanitize outputs before they leave the server.
The other options do not match the described impact.Buffer overflowis a low-level memory corruption vulnerability, typically associated with native code execution rather than accidental biodata exposure.
Authentication hijackinginvolves taking over sessions/credentials, andcookie poisoninginvolves manipulating cookie values to gain privileges or alter behavior-neither is explicitly indicated. Therefore, the identified threat isInformation leakage (B).
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Question 25

Which of the following steps in forensic readiness planning provides a backup for future reference and assists in presenting evidence in a court of law?

Correct Answer: A
In forensic readiness planning, the goal is to ensure that when an incident occurs, the organization can collect, preserve, and present digital evidence in a manner that remainsreliable, repeatable, and legally defensible. A key requirement for courtroom acceptance is cleardocumentation-often referred to as proper documentation and chain-of-custody support-showing what actions were taken, by whom, when, using which tools, and under what conditions. Creating a defined process for documenting procedures ensures investigators consistently record acquisition steps, handling methods, hashing/verification results, storage locations, access history, and any changes in evidence possession. This documentation becomes a "backup" in the sense that it preserves institutional memory of the investigation steps, allowing future reviewers (auditors, opposing experts, courts) to reconstruct and validate what occurred even long after the incident.
While identifying potential evidence (B) and determining evidence sources (C) are important readiness tasks, they do not themselves create the structured record needed to defend evidence integrity. Keeping an incident response team ready (D) supports operational response, but does not directly ensure admissibility. Therefore, the step that provides future reference and supports court presentation isCreating a process for documenting the procedure (A).
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