In which of the following attacks does an attacker use software that tries a large number of key combinations in order to get a password?
Correct Answer: B
In a brute force attack, an attacker uses software that tries a large number of key combinations in order to get a password. To prevent such attacks, users should create passwords that are more difficult to guess, i.e., by using a minimum of six characters, alphanumeric combinations, and lower-upper case combinations. Answer option D is incorrect. Smurf is an attack that generates significant computer network traffic on a victim network. This is a type of denial-of-service attack that floods a target system via spoofed broadcast ping messages. In such attacks, a perpetrator sends a large amount of ICMP echo request (ping) traffic to IP broadcast addresses, all of which have a spoofed source IP address of the intended victim. If the routing device delivering traffic to those broadcast addresses delivers the IP broadcast to all hosts, most hosts on that IP network will take the ICMP echo request and reply to it with an echo reply, which multiplies the traffic by the number of hosts responding. Answer option A is incorrect. Buffer overflow is a condition in which an application receives more data than it is configured to accept. It helps an attacker not only to execute a malicious code on the target system but also to install backdoors on the target system for further attacks. All buffer overflow attacks are due to only sloppy programming or poor memory management by the application developers. The main types of buffer overflows are: Stack overflow Format string overflow Heap overflow Integer overflow Answer option C is incorrect. A zero-day attack, also known as zero-hour attack, is a computer threat that tries to exploit computer application vulnerabilities which are unknown to others, undisclosed to the software vendor, or for which no security fix is available. Zero-day exploits (actual code that can use a security hole to carry out an attack) are used or shared by attackers before the software vendor knows about the mvulnerability. User awareness training is the most effective technique to mitigate such attacks.
Question 82
A local bank wants to protect their card holder data. The bank should comply with the __________ standard to ensure the security of card holder data.
Correct Answer: D
Question 83
In which of the following transmission modes is communication uni-directional?
Correct Answer: D
Question 84
Which of the following are the six different phases of the Incident handling process? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E,F,G
Following are the six different phases of the Incident handling process: 1.Preparation: Preparation is the first step in the incident handling process. It includes processes like backing up copies of all key data on a regular basis, monitoring and updating software on a regular basis, and creating and implementing a documented security policy. To apply this step a documented security policy is formulated that outlines the responses to various incidents, as a reliable set of instructions during the time of an incident. The following list contains items that the incident handler should maintain in the preparation phase i.e. before an incident occurs: Establish applicable policies Build relationships with key players Build response kit Create incident checklists Establish communication plan Perform threat modeling Build an incident response team Practice the demo incidents 2.Identification: The Identification phase of the Incident handling process is the stage at which the Incident handler evaluates the critical level of an incident for an enterprise or system. It is an important stage where the distinction between an event and an incident is determined, measured and tested. 3.Containment: The Containment phase of the Incident handling process supports and builds up the incident combating process. It helps in ensuring the stability of the system and also confirms that the incident does not get any worse. 4.Eradication: The Eradication phase of the Incident handling process involves the cleaning-up of the identified harmful incidents from the system. It includes the analyzing of the information that has been gathered for determining how the attack was committed. To prevent the incident from happening again, it is vital to recognize how it was conceded out so that a prevention technique is applied. 5.Recovery: Recovery is the fifth step of the incident handling process. In this phase, the Incident Handler places the system back into the working environment. In the recovery phase the Incident Handler also works with the questions to validate that the system recovery is successful. This involves testing the system to make sure that all the processes and functions are working normal. The Incident Handler also monitors the system to make sure that the systems are not compromised again. It looks for additional signs of attack. 6.Lessons learned: Lessons learned is the sixth and the final step of incident handling process. The Incident Handler utilizes the knowledge and experience he learned during the handling of the incident to enhance and improve the incident-handling process. This is the most ignorant step of all incident handling processes. Many times the Incident Handlers are relieved to have systems back to normal and get busy trying to catch up other unfinished work. The Incident Handler should make documents related to the incident or look for ways to improve the process. Answer option C is incorrect. The post mortem review is one of the phases of the Incident response process.
Question 85
Which of the following is a device that receives a digital signal on an electromagnetic or optical transmission medium and regenerates the signal along the next leg of the medium?
Correct Answer: B
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances. A repeater is a device that receives a digital signal on an electromagnetic or optical transmission medium and regenerates the signal along the next leg of the medium. In electromagnetic media, repeaters overcome the attenuation caused by free-space electromagnetic-field divergence or cable loss. A series of repeaters make possible the extension of a signal over a distance. Repeaters remove the unwanted noise in an incoming signal. Unlike an analog signal, the original digital signal, even if weak or distorted, can be clearly perceived and restored. With analog transmission, signals are restrengthened with amplifiers which unfortunately also amplify noise as well as information. An example of a wireless repeater is shown in the figure below: Answer option D is incorrect. A transceiver is a device that has both a transmitter and a receiver in a single package. Answer option A is incorrect. A gateway is a network interconnectivity device that translates different communication protocols and is used to connect dissimilar network technologies. It provides greater functionality than a router or bridge because a gateway functions both as a translator and a router. Gateways are slower than bridges and routers. A gateway is an application layer device. Answer option C is incorrect. A network adapter is used to interface a computer to a network. "Device driver" is a piece of software through which Windows and other operating systems support both wired and wireless network adapters. Network drivers allow application software to communicate with the adapter hardware. Network device drivers are often installed automatically when adapter hardware is first powered on.
