Bella, a security professional working at an it firm, finds that a security breach has occurred while transferring important files. Sensitive data, employee usernames. and passwords are shared In plaintext, paving the way for hackers 10 perform successful session hijacking. To address this situation. Bella Implemented a protocol that sends data using encryption and digital certificates. Which of the following protocols Is used by Bella?

• A.FTP
• B.HTTPS
• C.FTPS
• D.IP

Correct Answer: B

Explanation
HTTPS is the shortening for hypertext move convention secure, or secure hypertext move convention in the event that you are not a fanatic for semantics.
How Does HTTPS Work?Dissimilar to HTTP, HTTPS utilizes a protected testament from an outsider seller to make sure about an association and confirm that the site is genuine. This safe authentication is known as a SSL Certificate (or "cert").
SSL is a truncation for "secure attachments layer". This is the thing that makes a safe, encoded association between a program and a worker, which secures the layer of correspondence between the two.
This declaration encodes an association with a degree of insurance that is assigned at your season of the acquisition of a SSL endorsement.
A SSL endorsement gives an additional layer of security for touchy information that you don't need outsider aggressors to get to. This extra security can be critical with regards to running online business sites.
A few Examples:
* When you need to make sure about the transmission of Mastercard information or other delicate data, (for example, somebody's genuine location and actual personality).
* When you run a lead age site that depends on somebody's genuine data, wherein case you need to utilize
* HTTPS to protect against malevolent assaults on the client's information.
There are numerous advantages to HTTPS that merit the slight expense. Keep in mind, if the declaration is absent, an outsider could undoubtedly check the association for delicate information.

What is TLS? How it Applies to HTTPSTLS represents transport layer security. It encodes HTTPS and can be utilized to make sure about email and different conventions. It utilizes cryptographic methods that guarantee information has not been altered since it was sent, that interchanges are with the real individual the correspondence came from, and to keep private information from being seen.
Things kick off with a TLS handshake, the cycle that commences a correspondence meeting that utilizes TLS encryption. This is the place where verification happens, and meeting keys are made. Shiny new meeting keys are produced when two gadgets impart, from the two unique keys cooperating. The consequence of this is more profound, more encoded correspondence.
A Critical Step for HTTPS - Authenticating the Web ServerThe most basic advance for a HTTPS secure association is guaranteeing that a web worker is who they say they are.
That is the reason the SSL authentication is the main piece of this arrangement; it guarantees the proprietor of the webserver is who they say the declaration says it is. It working correspondingly to how a driver's permit functions - it affirms the character of the proprietor of the worker.
A layer of assurance from specific kinds of assaults exists when you actualize HTTPS, making this an important staple of your site.

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Garry is a network administrator in an organization. He uses SNMP to manage networked devices from a remote location. To manage nodes in the network, he uses MIB. which contains formal descriptions of all network objects managed by SNMP. He accesses the contents of MIB by using a web browser either by entering the IP address and Lseries.mlb or by entering the DNS library name and Lseries.mlb. He is currently retrieving information from an MIB that contains object types for workstations and server services. Which of the following types of MIB is accessed by Garry in the above scenario?

• A.LNMIB2.MIB
• B.WINS.MIB
• C.DHCP.MIS
• D.MIB_II.MIB

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To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program.
What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing?

• A.Mutating
• B.Randomizing
• C.Fuzzing
• D.Bounding

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Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target network.
Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?

• A.UDP scan
• B.TCP Maimon scan
• C.arp ping scan
• D.ACK flag probe scan

Correct Answer: C

Explanation
One of the most common Nmap usage scenarios is scanning an Ethernet LAN. Most LANs, especially those that use the private address range granted by RFC 1918, do not always use the overwhelming majority of IP addresses. When Nmap attempts to send a raw IP packet, such as an ICMP echo request, the OS must determine a destination hardware (ARP) address, such as the target IP, so that the Ethernet frame can be properly addressed. .. This is required to issue a series of ARP requests. This is best illustrated by an example where a ping scan is attempted against an Area Ethernet host. The -send-ip option tells Nmap to send IP-level packets (rather than raw Ethernet), even on area networks. The Wireshark output of the three ARP requests and their timing have been pasted into the session.
Raw IP ping scan example for offline targetsThis example took quite a couple of seconds to finish because the (Linux) OS sent three ARP requests at 1 second intervals before abandoning the host. Waiting for a few seconds is excessive, as long as the ARP response usually arrives within a few milliseconds. Reducing this timeout period is not a priority for OS vendors, as the overwhelming majority of packets are sent to the host that actually exists. Nmap, on the other hand, needs to send packets to 16 million IP s given a target like
10.0.0.0/8. Many targets are pinged in parallel, but waiting 2 seconds each is very delayed.
There is another problem with raw IP ping scans on the LAN. If the destination host turns out to be unresponsive, as in the previous example, the source host usually adds an incomplete entry for that destination IP to the kernel ARP table. ARP tablespaces are finite and some operating systems become unresponsive when full. If Nmap is used in rawIP mode (-send-ip), Nmap may have to wait a few minutes for the ARP cache entry to expire before continuing host discovery.
ARP scans solve both problems by giving Nmap the highest priority. Nmap issues raw ARP requests and handles retransmissions and timeout periods in its sole discretion. The system ARP cache is bypassed. The example shows the difference. This ARP scan takes just over a tenth of the time it takes for an equivalent IP.

Example b ARP ping scan of offline target
In example b, neither the -PR option nor the -send-eth option has any effect. This is often because ARP has a default scan type on the Area Ethernet network when scanning Ethernet hosts that Nmap discovers. This includes traditional wired Ethernet as 802.11 wireless networks. As mentioned above, ARP scanning is not only more efficient, but also more accurate. Hosts frequently block IP-based ping packets, but usually cannot block ARP requests or responses and communicate over the network.Nmap uses ARP instead of all targets on equivalent targets, even if different ping types (such as -PE and -PS) are specified. LAN.. If you do not need to attempt an ARP scan at all, specify -send-ip as shown in Example a "Raw IP Ping Scan for Offline Targets".
If you give Nmap control to send raw Ethernet frames, Nmap can also adjust the source MAC address. If you have the only PowerBook in your security conference room and a large ARP scan is initiated from an Apple-registered MAC address, your head may turn to you. Use the -spoof-mac option to spoof the MAC address as described in the MAC Address Spoofing section.

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After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?

• A.The service is LDAP. and you must change it to 636. which is LDPAPS.
• B.The service is NTP. and you have to change It from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it
• C.The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions.
• D.The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME. which is an encrypted way to send emails.

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