What are two functions of NGFW in a ZTA deployment? (Choose two.)
Correct Answer: A,C
NGFW stands for Next-Generation Firewall, which is a network security device that provides advanced features beyond the traditional firewall, such as application awareness, identity awareness, threat prevention, and integration with other security tools. ZTA stands for Zero Trust Architecture, which is a security model that requires strict verification of the identity and context of every request before granting access to network resources. ZTA assumes that no device or user can be trusted by default, even if they are connected to a corporate network or have been previously verified. In a ZTA deployment, NGFW can perform two functions: Acts as segmentation gateway: NGFW can act as a segmentation gateway, which is a device that separates different segments of the network based on security policies and rules. Segmentation can help isolate and protect sensitive data and applications from unauthorized or malicious access, as well as reduce the attack surface and contain the impact of a breach. NGFW can enforce granular segmentation policies based on the identity and context of the devices and users, as well as the applications and services they are accessing. NGFW can also integrate with other segmentation tools, such as software-defined networking (SDN) and microsegmentation, to provide a consistent and dynamic segmentation across the network. Device discovery and profiling: NGFW can also perform device discovery and profiling, which are processes that identify and classify the devices that are connected to the network, as well as their attributes and behaviors. Device discovery and profiling can help NGFW to apply the appropriate security policies and rules based on the device type, role, location, health, and activity. Device discovery and profiling can also help NGFW to detect and respond to anomalous or malicious devices that may pose a threat to the network. References: = Some possible references for the answer and explanation are: What is a Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)? | Fortinet : What is Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)? | Fortinet : Zero Trust Architecture Explained: A Step-by-Step Approach : The Most Common NGFW Deployment Scenarios : Sample Configuration for Post vWAN Deployment
Question 2
Which one of the supported communication methods does FortiNAC usefor initial device identification during discovery?
Correct Answer: B
FortiNAC uses a variety of methods to identify devices on the network, such as Vendor OUI, DHCP fingerprinting, and device profiling12. One of the supported communication methods that FortiNAC uses for initial device identification during discovery is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)3. SNMP is a protocol that allows network devices to exchange information and monitor their status4. FortiNAC can use SNMP to read information from switches and routers, such as MAC addresses, IP addresses, VLANs, and port status3. SNMP can also be used to configure network devices and enforce policies4. References: 1: Identification | FortiNAC 9.4.0 - Fortinet Documentation 2: Device profiling process | FortiNAC8.3.0 | Fortinet Document Library 3: Using FortiNAC to identify medical devices - James Pratt 4: How does FortiNAC identify a new device on the network?
Question 3
An administrator wants to prevent direct host-to-host communication at layer 2 and use only FortiGate to inspect all the VLAN traffic What three things must the administrator configure on FortiGate to allow traffic between the hosts? (Choose three.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
To prevent direct host-to-host communication at layer 2 and use only FortiGate to inspect all the VLAN traffic, an administrator must configure: B: Block intra-VLAN traffic in the VLAN interface settings: This setting prevents direct communication between hosts within the same VLAN, forcing traffic to be routed through FortiGate for inspection. D: Configure static routes to allow subnets: By setting up static routes, the administrator ensures that traffic between different subnets is correctly routed through the FortiGate for inspection and policy enforcement. E: Configure a firewall policy to allow the desired traffic between hosts: Firewall policies on the FortiGate will dictate what traffic is permitted between hosts, ensuring that only authorized traffic is allowed. The other options are not typically required for this setup: A: Configure proxy ARP to allow traffic: Proxy ARP is not necessary for this scenario as it involves answering ARP requests on behalf of another host, which is not relevant to blocking intra-VLAN traffic. C: Add the VLAN interface to a software switch: This would create a switch-like environment on the FortiGate, which is counterproductive to the goal of preventing direct host-to-host communication at layer 2. References: FortiGate VLAN Configuration Guide. Blocking Intra-VLAN Communication in FortiGate.
Question 4
Which statement is true regarding a FortiClient quarantine using FortiAnalyzer playbooks?
Correct Answer: A
FortiAnalyzer playbooks are automated workflows that can perform actions based on triggers, conditions, and outputs. One of the actions that a playbook can perform is to quarantine a device by sending an API call to FortiClient EMS, which then instructs the FortiClient agent on the device to disconnect from the network. This can help isolate and contain a compromised or non-compliant device from spreading malware or violating policies. References := Quarantine a device from FortiAnalyzer playbooks Playbooks
Question 5
Which two statements are true regarding certificate-based authentication for ZTNA deployment? (Choose two.)
Correct Answer: B,D
Certificate-based authentication is a method of verifying the identity of a device or user by using a digital certificate issued by a trusted authority. For ZTNA deployment, certificate-based authentication is used to ensure that only authorized devices and users can access the protected applications or resources. B: The default action for empty certificates is block. This is true because ZTNA requires both device and user verification before granting access. If a device does not have a valid certificate issued by the ZTNA CA, it will be blocked by the ZTNA gateway. This prevents unauthorized or compromised devices from accessing the network. D: Client certificate configuration is a mandatory component for ZTNA. This is true because ZTNA relies on client certificates to identify and authenticate devices. Client certificates are generated by the ZTNA CA and contain the device ID, ZTNA tags, and other information. Client certificates are distributed to devices by the ZTNA management server (such as EMS) and are used to establish a secure connection with the ZTNA gateway. A: FortiGate signs the client certificate submitted by FortiClient. This is false because FortiGate does not sign the client certificates. The client certificates are signed by the ZTNA CA, which is a separate entity from FortiGate. FortiGate only verifies the client certificates and performs certificate actions based on the ZTNA tags. C: Certificate actions can be configured only on the FortiGate CLI. This is false because certificate actions can be configured on both the FortiGate GUI and CLI. Certificate actions are the actions that FortiGate takes based on the ZTNA tags in the client certificates. For example, FortiGate can allow, block, or redirect traffic based on the ZTNA tags. References := 1: Technical Tip: ZTNA for Corporate hosts with SAML authentication and FortiAuthenticator as IDP 2: Zero Trust Network Access - Fortinet
