A credit analyst wants to determine a good pricing strategy to compensate for credit decisions that might have
been made incorrectly. When analyzing her credit portfolio, the analyst focuses on the spreads in each loan to
determine if they are sufficient to compensate the bank for all of the following costs and risks EXCEPT.
Which of the following factors would typically increase the credit spread?
I. Increase in the probability of default of the issuer.
II. Decrease in risk premium.
III. Decrease in loss given default of the issuer.
IV. Increase in expected loss.
A risk manager is considering how to best quantify option price dynamics using mathematical option pricing
models. Which of the following variables would most likely serve as an input in these models?
I. Implicit parameter estimate based on observed market prices
II. Estimates of sensitivity of option prices to parameter changes
III. Theoretical option determination based on assumptions
Which one of the following four exercise features is typical for the most exchange-traded equity options?
