As shown in the figure, R1 and R2 form a VRRP backup group 1. By executing the vrrp vrid 1 vitual-ip () command on R1, you can make it the IP address owner, let R1 be the Master and R2 as the Backup.
The ABR in the OSPF stub area does not flood the fifth type LSA and the fourth type LSA into the stub area, and draws a default LSA to the stub area to guide how data packets reach the destination outside the AS
For two routers running IS-IS, the adjacency relationship can be established only when the time interval of lH transmission is the same
There are 4 port roles defined in RSTP, among which the part role values in the flags field of the Alternative port and Backup port in the STP packet are always 01.
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