LDP messages are exchanged between LSRs running the LDP protocol. LDP messages can be divided into four types according to their functions. Which of the following is not an LDP message type?

• A.Label exchange messages
• B.Announcement
• C.Conversation message
• D.Discovery

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In OSPFv3, the LSA whose propagation range is an area has () types. (Fill in Arabic teaching characters only)

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By default, which of the following secure MAC address types will be lost after the device restarts?

• A.Secure static MAC address
• B.Black hole MAC address
• C.Sticky MAC address
• D.Secure dynamic MAC address

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Traditional BGP4 can only manage IPv4 unicast routing information. In order to provide support for multiple network layer protocols, MP-BGP extends BGP-4.
MP-BGP uses address families to distinguish different network layer protocols. Which of the following address families are currently supported? (Multiple choice)

• A.BGP-MP instance IPv6 address family
• B.BGP-VPNv4 address family
• C.BGP-IPv6 unicast address family
• D.BGP-IPv4 broadcast address family

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According to this picture, what can we know? (Multiple choice)

• A.R1 accesses the path of 172.17.1.5 without any problems
• B.R1 has a route to 172.17.1 5
• C.R1 does not access the route of 172.17.1.5
• D.R1 access 172.17.1.5 has a loop

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