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Question 866

In which of the following cloud computing service model are applications hosted by the service provider and made available to the customers over a network?

Correct Answer: A
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically, the Internet. SaaS is closely related to the ASP (application service provider) and on demand computing software delivery models. For your exam you should know below information about Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.

Reference http://osarena.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/cloud-computing3.jpg Cloud computing service model

Cloud computing service models
Image Reference http://www.esri.com/news/arcwatch/0110/graphics/feature2.jpg Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically, the Internet. SaaS is closely related to the ASP (application service provider) and on demand computing software delivery models. IDC identifies two slightly different delivery models for SaaS. The hosted application management (hosted AM) model is similar to ASP: a provider hosts commercially available software for customers and delivers it over the Web. In the software on demand model, the provider gives customers network- based access to a single copy of an application created specifically for SaaS distribution. Provider gives users access to specific application software (CRM, e-mail, games). The provider gives the customers network based access to a single copy of an application created specifically for SaaS distribution and use. Benefits of the SaaS model include: easier administration automatic updates and patch management compatibility: All users will have the same version of software. easier collaboration, for the same reason global accessibility.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones. Cloud providers deliver a computing platform, which can include an operating system, database, and web server as a holistic execution environment. Where IaaS is the "raw IT network," PaaS is the software environment that runs on top of the IT network.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is an outgrowth of Software as a Service (SaaS), a software distribution model in which hosted software applications are made available to customers over the Internet. PaaS has several advantages for developers. With PaaS, operating system features can be changed and upgraded frequently. Geographically distributed development teams can work together on software development projects.
Services can be obtained from diverse sources that cross international boundaries. Initial and ongoing costs can be reduced by the use of infrastructure services from a single vendor rather than maintaining multiple hardware facilities that often perform duplicate functions or suffer from incompatibility problems.
Overall expenses can also be minimized by unification of programming development efforts. On the downside, PaaS involves some risk of "lock-in" if offerings require proprietary service interfaces or development languages. Another potential pitfall is that the flexibility of offerings may not meet the needs of some users whose requirements rapidly evolve. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud providers offer the infrastructure environment of a traditional data center in an on- demand delivery method. Companies deploy their own operating systems, applications, and software onto this provided infrastructure and are responsible for maintaining them. Infrastructure as a Service is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Data Provided as a service rather than needing to be loaded and prepared on premises.
C: Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones.
D: Infrastructure as a Service is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis.
References: CISA review manual 2014 page number 102 Official ISC2 guide to CISSP 3rd edition Page number 689
http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Software-as-a-Service
http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Platform-as-a-Service-PaaS
http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Infrastructure-as-a-Service-IaaS
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Question 867

The primary purpose for using one-way hashing of user passwords within a password file is which of the following?

Correct Answer: B
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A one-way hash function performs a mathematical encryption operation on a password that cannot be reversed. This prevents an unauthorized person from reading the password.
Some systems and applications send passwords over the network in cleartext, but a majority of them do not anymore. Instead, the software performs a one-way hashing function on the password and sends only the resulting value to the authenticating system or service. The authenticating system has a file containing all users' password hash values, not the passwords themselves, and when the authenticating system is asked to verify a user's password, it compares the hashing value sent to what it has in its file.
Incorrect Answers:
A: One-way hashing of user passwords does not prevent an unauthorized person from trying multiple passwords in one logon attempt. This is not the purpose of one-way hashing.
C: One-way hashing of user passwords does not minimize the amount of storage required for user passwords; it increases it because a hashed password is typically much longer than the password itself.
D: One-way hashing of user passwords does not minimize the amount of processing time used for encrypting passwords.
References:
Harris, Shon, All In One CISSP Exam Guide, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2013, p. 1059
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Question 868

What physical characteristic does a retinal scan biometric device measure?

Correct Answer: D
The retina, a thin nerve (1/50th of an inch) on the back of the eye, is the part of the eye which senses light and transmits impulses through the optic nerve to the brain - the equivalent of film in a camera. Blood vessels used for biometric identification are located along the neural retina, the outermost of retina's four cell layers.
The following answers are incorrect:
The amount of light reaching the retina The amount of light reaching the retina is not used in the biometric scan of the retina.
The amount of light reflected by the retina The amount of light reflected by the retina is not used in the biometric scan of the retina.
The pattern of light receptors at the back of the eye This is a distractor
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
Reference: Retina Scan Technology.
ISC2 Official Guide to the CBK, 2007 (Page 161)
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Question 869

A post-implementation review has identified that the Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system was designed to have gratuitous Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) disabled.
Why did the network architect likely design the VoIP system with gratuitous ARP disabled?

Correct Answer: D
Section: Communication and Network Security
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Question 870

An expert system that has rules of the form If w is low and x is high
then y is intermediate, where w and x are input variables and y is the
output variable, is called a:

Correct Answer: A
A fuzzy expert system is an expert system that uses fuzzy membership
functions and rules, instead of Boolean logic, to reason about data.
Thus, fuzzy variables can have an approximate range of values instead
of the binary True or False used in conventional expert systems. When it is desired to convert the fuzzy output to a single value, defuzzification is used. One approach to defuzzification is the CENTROID method. With this method, a value of the output variable is computed by finding the
variable value of the center of gravity of the membership function for the fuzzy output value.
Answers Neural network and Realistic expert system are distracters, and answer Boolean expert system is incorrect since it refers to Boolean values of one or zero.
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