Section: Cryptography
Explanation/Reference:
A One-Time Pad uses a keystream string of bits that is generated completely at random that is used only once.
Because it is used only once it is considered unbreakable.
The following answers are incorrect:
Symmetric ciphers. This is incorrect because a Symmetric Cipher is created by substitution and transposition.
They can and have been broken
DES codebooks. This is incorrect because Data Encryption Standard (DES) has been broken, it was replaced by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
Elliptic Curve Cryptography. This is incorrect because Elliptic Curve Cryptography or ECC is typically used on wireless devices such as cellular phones that have small processors. Because of the lack of processing power the keys used at often small. The smaller the key, the easier it is considered to be breakable. Also, the technology has not been around long enough or tested thourough enough to be considered truly unbreakable.

Section: Network and Telecommunications
Explanation/Reference:
Fiber Optic cable is immune to the effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and therefore has a much longer effective usable length (up to two kilometers in some cases).
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 72.

Explanation/Reference:
All of these are components of Configuration Management.
The following answers are incorrect:
Auditing of changes to the Trusted Computing Base. Is incorrect because it refers only to auditing the changes, but nothing about controlling them.
Control of changes to the Trusted Computing Base. Is incorrect because it refers only to controlling the changes, but nothing about ensuring the changes will not lead to a weakness or fault in the system.
Changes in the configuration access to the Trusted Computing Base. Is incorrect because this does not refer to controlling the changes or ensuring the changes will not lead to a weakness or fault in the system.

A gateway is used to connect two networks using dissimilar protocols at the
lower layers or it could also be at the highest level of the protocol stack.
Important Note:
For the purpose of the exam, you have to remember that a gateway is not synonymous to
the term firewall.
The second thing you must remembers is the fact that a gateway act as a translation
device.
It could be used to translate from IPX to TCP/IP for example. It could be used to convert
different types of applications protocols and allow them to communicate together. A
gateway could be at any of the OSI layers but usually tend to be higher up in the stack.
For your exam you should know the information below:
Repeaters
A repeater provides the simplest type of connectivity, because it only repeats electrical
signals between cable segments, which enables it to extend a network. Repeaters work at the physical layer and are add-on devices for extending a network connection over a greater distance. The device amplifies signals because signals attenuate the farther they have to travel. Repeaters can also work as line conditioners by actually cleaning up the signals. This works much better when amplifying digital signals than when amplifying analog signals, because digital signals are discrete units, which makes extraction of background noise from them much easier for the amplifier. If the device is amplifying analog signals, any accompanying noise often is amplified as well, which may further distort the signal. A hub is a multi-port repeater. A hub is often referred to as a concentrator because it is the physical communication device that allows several computers and devices to communicate with each other. A hub does not understand or work with IP or MAC addresses. When one system sends a signal to go to another system connected to it, the signal is broadcast to all the ports, and thus to all the systems connected to the concentrator.
Repeater

Image Reference- http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/~gorry/course/images/repeater.gif
Bridges A bridge is a LAN device used to connect LAN segments. It works at the data link layer and therefore works with MAC addresses. A repeater does not work with addresses; it just forwards all signals it receives. When a frame arrives at a bridge, the bridge determines whether or not the MAC address is on the local network segment. If the MAC address is not on the local network segment, the bridge forwards the frame to the necessary network segment.
Bridge C:\Users\MCS\Desktop\1.jpg

Image Reference- http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2001/01/30/graphics/bridge.jpg
Routers Routers are layer 3, or network layer, devices that are used to connect similar or different networks. (For example, they can connect two Ethernet LANs or an Ethernet LAN to a Token Ring LAN.) A router is a device that has two or more interfaces and a routing table so it knows how to get packets to their destinations. It can filter traffic based on access control lists (ACLs), and it fragments packets when necessary. Because routers have more network-level knowledge, they can perform higher-level functions, such as calculating the shortest and most economical path between the sending and receiving hosts.
Router and Switch

Image Reference- http://www.computer-networking-success.com/images/router-switch.jpg
Switches Switches combine the functionality of a repeater and the functionality of a bridge. A switch amplifies the electrical signal, like a repeater, and has the built-in circuitry and intelligence of a bridge. It is a multi-port connection device that provides connections for individual computers or other hubs and switches.
Gateways Gateway is a general term for software running on a device that connects two different environments and that many times acts as a translator for them or somehow restricts their interactions. Usually a gateway is needed when one environment speaks a different language, meaning it uses a certain protocol that the other environment does not understand. The gateway can translate Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol packets to IP packets, accept mail from one type of mail server and format it so another type of mail server can accept and understand it, or connect and translate different data link technologies such as FDDI to Ethernet.
Gateway Server C:\Users\MCS\Desktop\1.jpg

Image Referencehttp://static.howtoforge.com/images/screenshots/556af08d5e43aa768260f9e589dc547f3024.jpg
The following answers are incorrect:
Repeater - A repeater provides the simplest type of connectivity, because it only repeats electrical signals between cable segments, which enables it to extend a network. Repeaters work at the physical layer and are add-on devices for extending a network connection over a greater distance. The device amplifies signals because signals attenuate the farther they have to travel.
Bridges - A bridge is a LAN device used to connect LAN segments. It works at the data link layer and therefore works with MAC addresses. A repeater does not work with addresses; it just forwards all signals it receives. When a frame arrives at a bridge, the bridge determines whether or not the MAC address is on the local network segment. If the MAC address is not on the local network segment, the bridge forwards the frame to the necessary network segment.
Routers - Routers are layer 3, or network layer, devices that are used to connect similar or different networks. (For example, they can connect two Ethernet LANs or an Ethernet LAN to a Token Ring LAN.) A router is a device that has two or more interfaces and a routing table so it knows how to get packets to their destinations. It can filter traffic based on access control lists (ACLs), and it fragments packets when necessary.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question: CISA review manual 2014 Page number 263 Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 229 and 230