Nursing interventions designed to decrease the risk of infection in a client with an indwelling catheter include:

• A.Cleanse area around the meatus twice a day
• B.Empty the catheter drainage bag at least daily
• C.Change the catheter tubing and bag every 48 hours
• D.Maintain fluid intake of 1200-1500 mL every day

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A mother came to the pediatric clinic with her 17- month-old child. The mother would like to begin toilet training. What should the nurse teach her about implementing toilet training?

• A.Take two or three favorite toys with the child.
• B.Have a child-sized toilet seat or training potty on hand.
• C.Explain to the child she is going to "void" and "defecate."
• D.Show disapproval if she does not void or defecate.

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A 35-year-old primigravida comes to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. The midwife, on examining the client, suspects that she is approximately 11 weeks pregnant. The pregnancy is positively confirmed by finding:

• A.Chadwick's sign
• B.FHR by ultrasound
• C.Enlargement of the uterus
• D.Breast tenderness and enlargement

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Assessment of the client with pericarditis may reveal which of the following?

• A.Ventricular gallop and substernal chest pain
• B.Narrowed pulse pressure and shortness of breath
• C.Pericardial friction rub and pain on deep inspiration
• D.Pericardial tamponade and widened pulse pressure

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A 68-year-old man was recently diagnosed with endstage renal disease. He has not yet begun dialysis but is experiencing severe anemia with associated symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Which statement best describes the management of anemia in renal failure?

• A.Hematocrit levels usually remain slightly below normalin clients with renal failure.
• B.Transfusion is often begun as early as possible to prevent complications of anemia such as dyspnea and angina.
• C.Anemia in renal failure is frequently caused by low serum iron and ferritin and corrected by oral iron and ferritin replacement therapy.
• D.The renal secretion of erythropoiesis is decreased. The bone marrow requires erythropoietin to mature red blood cells.

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