How is the GMRE functionality guaranteed in Nokia equipment?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation The GMRE functionality is guaranteed in Nokia equipment by controller redundancy. The controller is the hardware component that runs the GMPLS software and controls the switching fabric of the node. Each node has two controllers, one active and one standby, that synchronize their states and databases. If the active controller fails, the standby controller takes over and ensures the continuity of the GMRE functionality. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS) | Nokia
Question 2
How are L0 and L1 resources coordinated in case of a failure in an MRN?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation Coordination of L0 and L1 resources in case of a failure in an MRN is achieved by setting the color constraints. Color constraints are used to specify which wavelengths or timeslots can be used by a given LSP request. By setting the color constraints, the NFM-T can ensure that the L0 and L1 resources are compatible and consistent across the network. For example, if an L0 LSP request requires a specific wavelength, the NFM-T can set the color constraint to match that wavelength and assign it to the L0 LSP. Similarly, if an L1 LSP request requires a specific timeslot, the NFM-T can set the color constraint to match that timeslot and assign it to the L1 LSP. This way, the coordination of L0 and L1 resources is achieved by ensuring that the same color is used by both layers. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS - Nokia
Question 3
In a 1830PSS MRN network, when can groups of links be combined (bundled) together in a single TE-Link?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation In a 1830PSS MRN network, groups of links can be combined (bundled) together in a single TE-Link both within layer 0 and 1 networks. A TE-Link is a logical representation of one or more physical links that share the same attributes and can be used to establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs). A TE-Link can be either single-layer or multi-layer, depending on the switching capabilities of the links. In a single-layer TE-Link, all the links belong to the same layer, either layer 0 (optical) or layer 1 (OTN). In a multi-layer TE-Link, the links belong to different layers, such as layer 0 and layer 1. A TE-Link can be either bundled or unbundled, depending on the number of links it contains. A bundled TE-Link contains more than one link, while an unbundled TE-Link contains only one link. A bundled TE-Link can provide more bandwidth and flexibility than an unbundled TE-Link. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS - Nokia
Question 4
What is a Label Switched Path (LSP)?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation A Label Switched Path (LSP) is the path created by MPLS nodes that use labels to forward packets across the network. A label is a short identifier that is attached to each packet and indicates the next hop or destination of the packet. The nodes use a label forwarding table to switch packets based on their labels, without inspecting the packet headers. This can improve the performance, security, and quality of service of the network. An LSP can be established by using GMPLS protocols such as OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE, which exchange information about the network topology, resources, and constraints. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
Question 5
How do you add a 3R resource to the NPA in NFM-T?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation The 3R resource is a type of optical regeneration resource that can be used to extend the reach of optical signals in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The 3R resource performs three functions: reshaping, retiming, and reamplifying the optical signal. The 3R resource can be added to the Network Planning Application (NPA) in the Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport (NFM-T) through the Constraint Wizard. The Constraint Wizard is a tool that allows the user to define various constraints and parameters for the network design, such as optical impairments, wavelength availability, protection schemes, and regeneration resources. The user can select the 3R resource from the list of available resources and specify its location, capacity, and cost. The NPA then uses this information to perform feasibility checks and path computation for the LSP requests12. References: * 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia * 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
