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  1. Home
  2. PECB Certification
  3. ISO-21502-Lead-Project-Manager Exam
  4. PECB.ISO-21502-Lead-Project-Manager.v2026-10-03.q30 Dumps
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Question 21

Scenario:
Tricko is a clothing manufacturer headquartered in Milano, Italy. The company was founded in 2010 by Mario, a famous Italian fashion designer. Over the last few years, the company has seen immense growth and now has a chain of stores across multiple European cities. Following industry trends, the top management of Tricko concluded that the company should establish an online store. As such, they required Lily, an experienced IT engineer, to develop a brief for this potential project. After several meetings and discussions, the top management approved the project brief and assigned Lily as the project manager. For this project, she was instructed to use the guidelines of ISO 21502 on project management.
Lily initiated the project by mobilizing the project team, which included four web developers, two network engineers, and one systems analyst. In order to ensure that every team member is fully aware of their roles and responsibilities, Lily developed team performance domains which would link each project activity with the individuals responsible for undertaking it. She explained to the team members that it is important to clearly understand their roles and responsibilities, considering that the team composition cannot be reassessed or revised once the project plan is authorized to be executed. In addition, Lily defined in a document the project's contribution to the overall objectives of Tricko, which reflected the relevant project requirements and their associated acceptance criteria.
Following that, Lily worked with the project team to discuss project costs. She suggested the team initially establish cost estimates only for the first phase of the project and then for the entire project. In addition, she required cost estimates to be expressed in currency valuations and in labor hours. One of the network engineers suggested that each team member should provide an estimate, and then the team should reach an agreement for a joint estimate. On the other hand, one of the developers suggested establishing an estimate for the costs after the closure of the project, such as advertising and promotion costs. Lily agreed with their suggestions and asked them to provide a total estimate as soon as possible.
Based on the total estimate provided by the project team, Lily developed the project budget and created a list of project activities, divided them into smaller items, and assigned a budget for each item.
Question:
Scenario 5 states that Lily required them to express the costs in labor hours and currency valuations. Is this acceptable?

Correct Answer: C
The correct answer is C . Cost estimates can be expressed in labor hours, number of equipment hours, currency valuations, or other appropriate units depending on the nature of the project and the estimating method used. Lily's requirement to express costs in both labor hours and currency valuations is therefore acceptable. In an online store project, labor hours may be useful for estimating developer effort, network configuration, testing, systems analysis, training, and deployment work. Currency valuations are necessary for budgeting, approvals, procurement, financial control, and reporting. Equipment hours may also be relevant where specialist infrastructure, testing environments, cloud resources, or technical equipment usage must be estimated. Option A is too narrow because labor hours alone do not provide the full financial view needed for budgeting. Option B is also too narrow because currency alone may hide the effort assumptions behind the estimate. Effective project cost estimating uses appropriate units to make assumptions transparent, support resource planning, and enable later comparison between estimated and actual performance. The uploaded source question explicitly provides the answer choice that cost estimates may be expressed in labor hours, equipment hours, or currency valuations.
Reference topics: cost estimating, labor hours, equipment hours, currency valuations, resource estimation, project budgeting.
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Question 22

Arka, a manufacturing company, has initiated a project together with two other companies. Jim, who is the CEO of Arka, has suggested that the project board consist of representatives from each company instead of only Arka's personnel in order to increase transparency. However, the representatives of the other companies disagreed, claiming that this would not be compliant with ISO 21502 guidelines. Instead, they are suggesting that they outsource the function of the project board to avoid conflicts of interest. Is this in compliance with ISO 21502?

Correct Answer: C
The correct answer is C . The suggestion to reject representatives from each company and outsource the project board function is not aligned with the ISO 21502 governance logic. In a joint project involving multiple organizations, the project board can include representatives from each participating company. This supports transparency, balanced decision-making, accountability, stakeholder confidence, and alignment among the organizations contributing resources, authority, funding, expertise, or acceptance responsibilities.
A joint project has multiple organizational interests, so excluding some companies from the project board could reduce trust and create weak governance. Option A is incorrect because ISO 21502 does not require outsourcing the project board to avoid conflicts of interest. Outsourcing governance could actually create accountability ambiguity unless carefully justified and authorized. Option B is also incorrect because selecting only one company's representatives would not necessarily reflect the shared nature of the project. In joint governance, the board should be structured to represent the participating organizations appropriately while maintaining clear authority, decision rules, escalation paths, and conflict-resolution mechanisms. The uploaded source question explicitly presents this situation as a joint project governance issue.
Reference topics: joint project governance, project board composition, representation, transparency, conflict of interest, governance accountability.
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Question 23

Scenario:
Exhibix is a video game developer headquartered in Zagreb, Croatia, which is known for producing therapeutic video games for children dealing with ADHD. In order to improve users' experience, Exhibix suggested undertaking a project that would enable users to interact with the virtual content in the form of holograms through augmented reality glasses in the video games. For this project, the management decided to follow the guidelines of ISO 21502 on project management.
Prior to formalizing project management, the management of Exhibix assessed, among others, the potential impacts that the project management approach may have on both internal and external stakeholders. In addition, they determined if there were sufficient resources, both human and financial, for the formalized project management. Furthermore, during this period, the management decided to assess only the nature of previous projects, due to their successful delivery.
After formalizing project management, the project board organized a meeting during which they delegated their responsibilities to the project sponsor. Following this meeting, the project sponsor and project manager proceeded to define the project phases and their time frames. Considering the complexity of the project, the project manager suggested leaving open the possibility of overlapping certain phases of the project.
The preparations began in June, and the project manager and the team, consisting of 20 highly skilled professionals, had approximately six months to implement the project. During the implementation of the project, the project team noticed that the low maturity level of the company's project management and the limited availability of resources were likely to have a negative impact on the performance of the project. With the deadline approaching, the team was also under a lot of pressure to close the project on time.
They were confronted with numerous challenges with the AR software, which led to the extension of the deadline for the project completion. During this period, the project office assisted the project manager and the team by providing administrative support and managing information regarding the project. Following these events, the project manager and the team were able to complete the project within the new set deadline. After the project sponsor confirmed the project closure, the AR glasses were released for use.
Question:
According to scenario 2, the project office provided administrative support for the project manager and the team. Is this compliant with ISO 21502?

Correct Answer: C
Yes. The project office can perform various activities to support the project manager and the project team. A project office is normally established to provide coordination, administrative support, documentation control, information management, reporting support, method guidance, scheduling assistance, and support for governance processes. Its purpose is to improve consistency, visibility, and control across the project. In the Exhibix scenario, the project office assisted the project manager and team by providing administrative support and managing project information. This is consistent with the supporting role of a project office. It does not create a conflict of interest merely because the project office is involved in project activities. The important requirement is that its role, authority, interfaces, and responsibilities are clearly defined within the project organization. The sponsor remains accountable for business direction and continued justification, while the project manager manages day-to-day delivery. The project office supports both governance and delivery by ensuring information is organized, accessible, timely, and controlled. The PMBOK also supports the importance of appropriate project information management as part of project communications management.
Reference topics: project office, project support, administrative support, project information management, project organization.
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Question 24

Which of the following situations indicates a hope creep?

Correct Answer: B
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Question 25

Scenario:
Tricko is a clothing manufacturer headquartered in Milano, Italy. The company was founded in 2010 by Mario, a famous Italian fashion designer. Over the last few years, the company has seen immense growth and now has a chain of stores across multiple European cities. Following industry trends, the top management of Tricko concluded that the company should establish an online store. As such, they required Lily, an experienced IT engineer, to develop a brief for this potential project. After several meetings and discussions, the top management approved the project brief and assigned Lily as the project manager. For this project, she was instructed to use the guidelines of ISO 21502 on project management.
Lily initiated the project by mobilizing the project team, which included four web developers, two network engineers, and one systems analyst. In order to ensure that every team member is fully aware of their roles and responsibilities, Lily developed team performance domains which would link each project activity with the individuals responsible for undertaking it. She explained to the team members that it is important to clearly understand their roles and responsibilities, considering that the team composition cannot be reassessed or revised once the project plan is authorized to be executed. In addition, Lily defined in a document the project's contribution to the overall objectives of Tricko, which reflected the relevant project requirements and their associated acceptance criteria.
Following that, Lily worked with the project team to discuss project costs. She suggested the team initially establish cost estimates only for the first phase of the project and then for the entire project. In addition, she required cost estimates to be expressed in currency valuations and in labor hours. One of the network engineers suggested that each team member should provide an estimate, and then the team should reach an agreement for a joint estimate. On the other hand, one of the developers suggested establishing an estimate for the costs after the closure of the project, such as advertising and promotion costs. Lily agreed with their suggestions and asked them to provide a total estimate as soon as possible.
Based on the total estimate provided by the project team, Lily developed the project budget and created a list of project activities, divided them into smaller items, and assigned a budget for each item.
Question:
Based on scenario 5, which estimation method for project cost did the network engineer propose?

Correct Answer: C
The correct answer is C. Wideband Delphi estimating . The network engineer proposed that each team member should provide an estimate and that the team should then reach agreement on a joint estimate. This is consistent with Wideband Delphi, a group-based estimation technique in which several experts or team members contribute estimates, discuss assumptions, reconcile differences, and converge toward a consensus estimate. It is especially useful when work is uncertain, expert judgment is needed, or several technical perspectives must be integrated. Option A, parametric estimating, uses statistical relationships or parameters, such as cost per page, cost per transaction, cost per server, or effort per function point. The scenario does not describe the use of historical rates or mathematical parameters. Option B, single-point estimating, provides one estimate for a task, often without explicitly representing uncertainty or group consensus. The network engineer's proposal is not an individual single estimate; it is a collaborative consensus process. For Tricko's online store, this method is suitable because developers, network engineers, and systems analysts each understand different cost drivers. The uploaded source scenario describes this team-estimate-and-consensus method directly.
Reference topics: cost estimating, Wideband Delphi, expert judgment, consensus estimating, project cost planning.
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