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  1. Home
  2. PECB Certification
  3. ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer Exam
  4. PECB.ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer.v2025-06-12.q165 Dumps
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Question 121

The incident management process of an organization enables them to prepare for and respond to information security incidents. In addition, the organization has procedures in place for assessing information security events. According to ISO/IEC 27001, what else must an incident management process include?

Correct Answer: A
According to ISO/IEC 27001, an incident management process must include processes for using knowledge gained from information security incidents to reduce the likelihood or impact of future incidents, and to improve the overall level of information security. This means that the organization should conduct a root cause analysis of the incidents, identify the lessons learned, and implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence or mitigate consequences. The organization should also document and communicate the results of the incident management process to relevant stakeholders, and update the risk assessment and treatment plan accordingly.
(Must be taken from ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer resources)
References: ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study guide and documents, specifically:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A.16 Information security incident management
* ISO/IEC TS 27022:2021, clause 7.5.3.16 Information security incident management process
* PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 9: Incident Management
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Question 122

Scenario 3: Socket Inc. is a dynamic telecommunications company specializing in wireless products and services, committed to delivering high-quality and secure communication solutions. Socket Inc. leverages innovative technology, including the MongoDB database, renowned for its high availability, scalability, and flexibility, to provide reliable, accessible, efficient, and well-organized services to its customers. Recently, the company faced a security breach where external hackers exploited the default settings of its MongoDB database due to an oversight in the configuration settings, which had not been properly addressed. Fortunately, diligent data backups and centralized logging through a server ensured no loss of information. In response to this incident, Socket Inc. undertook a thorough evaluation of its security measures. The company recognized the urgent need to improve its information security and decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001.
To improve its data security and protect its resources, Socket Inc. implemented entry controls and secure access points. These measures were designed to prevent unauthorized access to critical areas housing sensitive data and essential assets. In compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and ethical standards, Socket Inc. implemented pre-employment background checks tailored to business needs, information classification, and associated risks. A formalized disciplinary procedure was also established to address policy violations. Additionally, security measures were implemented for personnel working remotely to safeguard information accessed, processed, or stored outside the organization's premises.
Socket Inc. safeguarded its information processing facilities against power failures and other disruptions. Unauthorized access to critical records from external sources led to the implementation of data flow control services to prevent unauthorized access between departments and external networks. In addition, Socket Inc. used data masking based on the organization's topic-level general policy on access control and other related topic-level general policies and business requirements, considering applicable legislation. It also updated and documented all operating procedures for information processing facilities and ensured that they were accessible to top management exclusively.
The company also implemented a control to define and implement rules for the effective use of cryptography, including cryptographic key management, to protect the database from unauthorized access. The implementation was based on all relevant agreements, legislation, regulations, and the information classification scheme. Network segregation using VPNs was proposed to improve security and reduce administrative efforts.
Regarding the design and description of its security controls, Socket Inc. has categorized them into groups, consolidating all controls within a single document. Lastly, Socket Inc. implemented a new system to maintain, collect, and analyze information about information security threats and integrate information security into project management.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Which of the following controls did Socket Inc. implement by conducting pre-employment background checks? Refer to scenario 3.

Correct Answer: A
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Question 123

Scenario 3: Socket Inc is a telecommunications company offering mainly wireless products and services. It uses MongoDB. a document model database that offers high availability, scalability, and flexibility.
Last month, Socket Inc. reported an information security incident. A group of hackers compromised its MongoDB database, because the database administrators did not change its default settings, leaving it without a password and publicly accessible.
Fortunately. Socket Inc. performed regular information backups in their MongoDB database, so no information was lost during the incident. In addition, a syslog server allowed Socket Inc. to centralize all logs in one server. The company found out that no persistent backdoor was placed and that the attack was not initiated from an employee inside the company by reviewing the event logs that record user faults and exceptions.
To prevent similar incidents in the future, Socket Inc. decided to use an access control system that grants access to authorized personnel only. The company also implemented a control in order to define and implement rules for the effective use of cryptography, including cryptographic key management, to protect the database from unauthorized access The implementation was based on all relevant agreements, legislation, and regulations, and the information classification scheme. To improve security and reduce the administrative efforts, network segregation using VPNs was proposed.
Lastly, Socket Inc. implemented a new system to maintain, collect, and analyze information related to information security threats, and integrate information security into project management.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Which security control does NOT prevent information security incidents from recurring?

Correct Answer: C
Information backup is a corrective control that aims to restore the information in case of data loss, corruption, or deletion. It does not prevent information security incidents from recurring, but rather mitigates their impact.
The other options are preventive controls that reduce the likelihood of information security incidents by limiting the access to authorized personnel, segregating the networks, and using cryptography. These controls can help Socket Inc. avoid future attacks on its MongoDB database by addressing the vulnerabilities that were exploited by the hackers.
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Question 124

An employee of the organization accidentally deleted customers' data stored in the database. What is the impact of this action?

Correct Answer: A
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, availability is one of the three principles of information security, along with confidentiality and integrity1. Availability means that information is accessible and usable by authorized persons whenever it is needed2. If an employee of the organization accidentally deleted customers' data stored in the database, this would affect the availability of the information, as it would not be accessible when required by the authorized persons, such as the customers themselves, the organization's staff, or other stakeholders. This could result in loss of trust, reputation, or business opportunities for the organization, as well as dissatisfaction or inconvenience for the customers.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements
* What is ISO 27001? A detailed and straightforward guide - Advisera
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Question 125

Diana works as a customer service representative for a large e-commerce company. One day, she accidently modified the order details of a customer without their permission Due to this error, the customer received an incorrect product. Which information security principle was breached in this case7

Correct Answer: C
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, information security controls are measures that are implemented to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information assets1. Controls can be preventive, detective, or corrective, depending on their purpose and nature2. Preventive controls aim to prevent or deter the occurrence of a security incident or reduce its likelihood. Detective controls aim to detect or discover the occurrence of a security incident or its symptoms. Corrective controls aim to correct or restore the normal state of an asset or a process after a security incident or mitigate its impact2.
In this scenario, Socket Inc. implemented several security controls to prevent information security incidents from recurring, such as:
Segregation of networks: This is a preventive and technical control that involves separating different parts of a network into smaller segments, using devices such as routers, firewalls, or VPNs, to limit the access and communication between them3. This can enhance the security and performance of the network, as well as reduce the administrative efforts and costs3.
Privileged access rights: This is a preventive and administrative control that involves granting access to information assets or systems only to authorized personnel who have a legitimate need to access them, based on their roles and responsibilities4. This can reduce the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, or modification of information assets or systems4.
Cryptographic controls: This is a preventive and technical control that involves the use of cryptography, which is the science of protecting information by transforming it into an unreadable format, to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of information assets or systems. This can prevent unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure of information assets or systems.
Information security threat management: This is a preventive and administrative control that involves the identification, analysis, and response to information security threats, which are any incidents that could negatively affect the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information assets or systems.
This can help the organization to anticipate, prevent, or mitigate the impact of information security threats.
Information security integration into project management: This is a preventive and administrative control that involves the incorporation of information security requirements and controls into the planning, execution, and closure of projects, which are temporary endeavors undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. This can ensure that information security risks and opportunities are identified and addressed throughout the project life cycle.
However, information backup is not a preventive control, but a corrective control. Information backup is a corrective and technical control that involves the creation and maintenance of copies of information assets or systems, using dedicated software and utilities, to ensure that they can be recovered in case of data loss, corruption, accidental deletion, or cyber incidents. This can help the organization to restore the normal state of information assets or systems after a security incident or mitigate its impact. Therefore, information backup does not prevent information security incidents from recurring, but rather helps the organization to recover from them.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements ISO 27001 Key Terms - PJR Network Segmentation: What It Is and How It Works | Imperva ISO 27001:2022 Annex A 8.2 - Privileged Access Rights - ISMS.online
[ISO 27001:2022 Annex A 8.3 - Cryptographic Controls - ISMS.online]
[ISO 27001:2022 Annex A 5.30 - Information Security Threat Management - ISMS.online]
[ISO 27001:2022 Annex A 5.31 - Information Security Integration into Project Management - ISMS.online]
[ISO 27001:2022 Annex A 8.13 - Information Backup - ISMS.online]
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