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  1. Home
  2. PECB Certification
  3. ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer Exam
  4. PECB.ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer.v2026-04-29.q297 Dumps
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Question 126

Which service category provided by the incident response teams supports organ national functions such as training and auditing?

Correct Answer: A
Incident response team service categories typically include reactive, proactive, and security quality management services. Proactive services are designed to support organizational functions such as training, awareness, readiness, and auditing, with the aim of preventing incidents before they occur.
These services include:
* Security awareness and training
* Simulations and exercises
* Readiness assessments
* Advisory support to audits
This aligns with ISO/IEC 27001:2022's preventive intent, particularly:
* Clause 7.2 - Competence
* Clause 7.3 - Awareness
* Annex A A.5.35 - Independent review of information security
Reactive services (Option B) focus on incident handling after an event, while security quality management services (Option C) focus on metrics and maturity oversight.
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Question 127

A small organization that is implementing an ISMS based on ISO/lEC 27001 has decided to outsource the internal audit function to a third party. Is this acceptable?

Correct Answer: A
According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, an internal audit is an audit conducted by the organization itself to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of its information security management system (ISMS).
The standard requires that the internal audit should be performed by auditors who are objective and impartial, meaning that they should not have any personal or professional interest or bias that could influence their judgment or compromise their integrity. The standard also allows the organization to outsource the internal audit function to a third party, as long as the criteria of objectivity and impartiality are met.
Outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party can be a better option for small organizations that may not have enough resources, skills, or experience to perform an internal audit by themselves. By hiring an external auditor, the organization can benefit from the following advantages:
* The external auditor can provide a fresh and independent perspective on the organization's ISMS, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that may not be apparent to the internal staff.
* The external auditor can bring in specialized knowledge, expertise, and best practices from other organizations and industries, helping the organization to improve its ISMS and achieve its objectives.
* The external auditor can reduce the risk of conflict of interest, bias, or influence that may arise when the internal staff audit their own work or the work of their colleagues.
* The external auditor can save the organization time and money by conducting the internal audit more efficiently and effectively, avoiding duplication of work or unnecessary delays.
Therefore, outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party is acceptable and often preferable for small organizations that are implementing an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001.
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Question 128

What potential vulnerability in AI systems could be exploited for malicious purposes?

Correct Answer: C
Adversarial manipulation of data inputs refers to attackers deliberately crafting input data to mislead AI/ML models, causing them to make incorrect predictions or classifications. This is a well-known AI/ML vulnerability that can be exploited for attacks.
"Adversarial examples are crafted inputs to ML models that cause the model to make a mistake. Protecting against adversarial manipulation is critical for AI system security."
- ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A 8.19; ISO/IEC 27005:2022; NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5
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Question 129

Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.
Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets. To protect customers' information. Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of duties chart.
However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the team concluded that due to the out-of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic update feature to keep it up to date at all times. Additionally, they established an authentication process that requires a user identification and password when accessing sensitive information.
In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise awareness on the importance of system and network security.
Based on scenario 2, which information security principle is the IT team aiming to ensure by establishing a user authentication process that requires user identification and password when accessing sensitive information?

Correct Answer: A
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Question 130

Nimbus Route, a cloud-native logistics optimization company based in the Netherlands, offers Al-driven route planning fleet management tools, and real time shipment tracking solutions to clients across Europe and North America. To safeguard sensitive logistics data and ensure resilience across its cloud services. Nimbus Route has implemented an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/lEC 27001. The company is also integrating intelligent transport systems and predictive analytics to increase operational efficiency and sustainability. As part of the ISMS implementation process, the company is determining the competence levels required to manage its ISMS. It has considered various factors when defining these competence requirements, including technological advancements, regulatory requirements, the company's mission.
strategic objectives, available resources. as well as the needs and expectations of its customers. Furthermore, the company has established clear guidelines for internal and external communication related to the ISMS, defining what information to share, when to share it. with whom, and through which channels. However, not all communications have been formally documented: instead, the company classified and managed communication based on its needs. ensuring that documentation is maintained only to the extent necessary for the ISMS's effectiveness To support its expanding digital services and ensure operational scalability. Nimbus Route utilizes virtualized computing resources provided by an external cloud service provider. This setup allows the company to configure and manage its operating systems, deploy applications. and control storage environments as needed while relying on the provider to maintain the underlying cloud environment. To further enhance is predictive capabilities. Nimbus Route is adopting machine learning techniques across several of its core services Specifically, it uses machine learning for route optimization and delivery time estimation, leveraging algorithms such as logistic regression and support vector machines to identify patterns in historical transportation data. As Nimbus Route's ISMS matures, the company has chosen a chased approach to its transition into full operational mode Rather than waiting for a formal launch, individual elements of the ISMS, such as risk treatment procedures, access controls, and audit logging, are being activated progressively as soon as they are developed and approved Based on the scenario above answer the following question.
Which type of machine learning is Nimbus Route using to enhance its delivery and scheduling accuracy?
Refer to scenario 6.

Correct Answer: B
The correct answer is B. Supervised learning, based on the explicit machine learning techniques described in the scenario.
Nimbus Route uses logistic regression and support vector machines (SVMs) to analyze historical transportation data and improve route optimization and delivery time estimation. These algorithms are classic supervised learning techniques, which rely on labeled datasets to learn relationships between input variables and known outcomes.
In supervised learning:
* Input data is paired with correct outputs (labels),
* Models are trained to predict outcomes based on historical examples,
* Accuracy improves through evaluation against known results.
This exactly matches the scenario's description of learning from historical transportation data to predict delivery times and optimize routes.
* Reinforcement learning (Option A) involves learning through trial-and-error interactions with an environment and reward signals, which is not described.
* Unsupervised learning (Option C) focuses on discovering hidden patterns in unlabeled data, such as clustering, which is also not indicated.
While ISO/IEC 27001:2022 does not prescribe machine learning types, its risk-based approach (Clause 6.1) and emphasis on technology awareness (Clause 7.2) require organizations to understand and competently manage the technologies they deploy-including AI and ML systems.
By clearly identifying and competently applying supervised learning techniques, Nimbus Route demonstrates appropriate technological understanding and governance within its ISMS.
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