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  1. Home
  2. PECB Certification
  3. ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer Exam
  4. PECB.ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer.v2026-04-29.q297 Dumps
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Question 166

Scenario 6: Skyver offers worldwide shipping of electronic products, including gaming consoles, flat-screen TVs. computers, and printers. In order to ensure information security, the company has decidedto implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001.
Colin, the company's best information security expert, decided to hold a training and awareness session for the personnel of the company regarding the information security challenges and other information security-related controls. The session included topics such as Skyver's information security approaches and techniques for mitigating phishing and malware.
One of the participants in the session is Lisa, who works in the HR Department. Although Colin explains the existing Skyver's information security policies and procedures in an honest and fair manner, she finds some of the issues being discussed too technical and does not fully understand the session. Therefore, in a lot of cases, she requests additional help from the trainer and her colleagues Based on scenario 6. Lisa found some of the issues being discussed in the training and awareness session too technical, thus not fully understanding the session. What does this indicate?

Correct Answer: C
According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Training Course Guide1, one of the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 is to ensure that all persons doing work under the organization's control are aware of the information security policy, their contribution to the effectiveness of the ISMS, the implications of not conforming to the ISMS requirements, and the benefits of improved information security performance. To achieve this, the organization should determine the necessary competence of persons doing work under its control that affects its information security performance, provide training or take other actions to acquire the necessary competence, evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken, and retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence. The organization should also determine differing team needs in accordance to the activities they perform and the intended results, and provide appropriate training and awareness programs to meet those needs.
Therefore, the scenario indicates that Skyver did not determine differing team needs in accordance to the activities they perform and the intended results, since Lisa, who works in the HR Department, found some of the issues being discussed in the training and awareness session too technical, thus not fully understanding the session. This implies that the session was not tailored to the specific needs and roles of the HR personnel, and that the information security expert did not consider the level of technical knowledge and skills required for them to perform their work effectively and securely.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Training Course Guide1
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit2
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Question 167

Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.
Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets. To protect customers' information.
Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of duties chart.
However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the team concluded that due to the out- of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic update feature to keep it up to date at all times. Additionally, they established an authentication process that requires a user identification and password when accessing sensitive information.
In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise awareness on the importance of system and network security.
Based on scenario 2, Beauty should have implemented (1)_____________________________ to detect (2)
_________________________.

Correct Answer: C
An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network activities, looking for malicious behaviors or policy violations, and reports their findings to a management station. An IDS can help an organization to detect intrusions on networks, which are unauthorized attempts to access, manipulate, or harm network resources or data. In the scenario, Beauty should have implemented an IDS to detect intrusions on networks, such as the one that exposed customers' information due to the out-of-date anti- malware software. An IDS could have alerted the IT team about the suspicious network activity and helped them to respond faster and more effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 3.14; ISO/IEC 27039:2015, Information technology - Security techniques
- Selection, deployment and operations of intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), clause 4.1.
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Question 168

Which of the following represents an example of The Open Security Architecture (TOGAF) framework?

Correct Answer: B
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Question 169

Scenario 4: TradeB. a commercial bank that has just entered the market, accepts deposits from its clients and offers basic financial services and loans for investments. TradeB has decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 Having no experience of a management
[^system implementation, TradeB's top management contracted two experts to direct and manage the ISMS implementation project.
First, the project team analyzed the 93 controls of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A and listed only the security controls deemed applicable to the company and their objectives Based on this analysis, they drafted the Statement of Applicability. Afterward, they conducted a risk assessment, during which they identified assets, such as hardware, software, and networks, as well as threats and vulnerabilities, assessed potential consequences and likelihood, and determined the level of risks based on three nonnumerical categories (low, medium, and high). They evaluated the risks based on the risk evaluation criteria and decided to treat only the high risk category They also decided to focus primarily on the unauthorized use of administrator rights and system interruptions due to several hardware failures by establishing a new version of the access control policy, implementing controls to manage and control user access, and implementing a control for ICT readiness for business continuity Lastly, they drafted a risk assessment report, in which they wrote that if after the implementation of these security controls the level of risk is below the acceptable level, the risks will be accepted Based on scenario 4, the fact that TradeB defined the level of risk based on three nonnumerical categories indicates that;

Correct Answer: A
Qualitative risk assessment is a method of evaluating risks based on nonnumerical categories, such as low, medium, and high. It is often used when there is not enough data or resources to perform a quantitative risk assessment, which involves numerical values and calculations. Qualitative risk assessment relies on the subjective judgment and experience of the risk assessors, and it can be influenced by various factors, such as thecontext, the stakeholders, and the criteria. According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A, control A.8.2.1 states: "The organization shall define and apply an information security risk assessment process that: ... d) identifies the risk owners; e) analyses the risks: i) assesses the consequences that would result if the risks identified were to materialize; ii) assesses the realistic likelihood of the occurrence of the risks; f) identifies and evaluates options for the treatment of risks; g) determines the levels of residual risk and whether these are acceptable; and h) identifies the risk owners for the residual risks." Therefore, TradeB's decision to define the level of risk based on three nonnumerical categories indicates that they used a qualitative risk assessment process.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A, control A.8.2.1
* PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 7, slides 12-13
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Question 170

Scenario 10: CircuitLinking is a company specializing in water purification solutions, designing and manufacturing efficient filtration and treatment systems for both residential and commercial applications.
Over the past two years, the company has actively implemented an integrated management system (IMS) that aligns with both ISO/IEC 27001 for information security and ISO 9001 for quality management. Recently, the company has taken a significant step forward by applying for a combined audit, aiming to achieve certification against both ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO 9001.
In preparation for the certification audit, CircuitLinking ensured a clear understanding of ISO/IEC 27001 within the company and identified key subject-matter experts to assist the auditors. It also allocated sufficient resources and performed a self-assessment to verify that processes were clearly defined, roles and responsibilities were segregated, and documented information was maintained. To avoid delays, the company gathered all necessary documentation in advance to provide evidence that procedures were in place and effective.
Following the successful completion of the Stage 1 audit, which focused on verifying the design of the management system, the Stage 2 audit was conducted to examine the implementation and effectiveness of the information security and quality management systems.
One of the auditors, Megan, was a previous employee of the company. To uphold the integrity of the certification process, the company notified the certification body about the potential conflict of interest and requested an auditor change. Subsequently, the certification body selected a replacement, ensuring impartiality. Additionally, the company requested a background check of the audit team members; however, the certification body denied this request. The necessary adjustments to the audit plan were made, and transparent communication with stakeholders was maintained.
The audit process continued seamlessly under the new auditor's guidance. Upon audit completion, the certification body evaluated the results and conclusions of the audit and CircuitLinking's public information and awarded CircuitLinking the combined certification.
A recertification audit for CircuitLinking was conducted to verify that the company's management system continued to meet the required standards and remained effective within the defined scope of certification.
CircuitLinking had implemented significant changes to its management system, including a major overhaul of its information security processes, the adoption of new technology platforms, and adjustments to comply with recent changes in industry legislation. Due to these substantial updates, the recertification audit required a Stage 1 assessment to evaluate the impact of these changes.
According to Scenario 10, is the request made by CircuitLinking to replace Megan acceptable?

Correct Answer: C
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 (the international standard for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems), impartiality is a foundational requirement for the credibility and trustworthiness of the audit and certification process. The standard specifies that audit teams must be free from conflicts of interest, including recent employment with the auditee, which could impair actual or perceived impartiality.
Relevant Extract:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 5.2.7:
"The certification body shall require personnel, internal and external, to reveal any situation known to them that may present them or the certification body with a conflict of interest. Certification bodies shall use this information as input to identifying and resolving conflicts of interest." ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.2.2.3:
"The certification body shall ensure that, where an auditor has provided management system consultancy, including being employed by the client organization, there is a minimum period of two years before that auditor can participate in an audit or other certification activities of that client." Even if Megan can remain impartial, her previous employment at CircuitLinking can create a perception of bias or a conflict of interest, and ISO best practices are to replace such an auditor to ensure impartiality.
CircuitLinking's request for replacement is both reasonable and encouraged under ISO/IEC 17021-1.
References:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clauses 5.2.7 and 9.2.2.3
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Implementation Guidance, Auditor Impartiality and Conflict of Interest Summary:
A client's request to replace an auditor with a potential conflict of interest-such as a previous employment relationship-is not only acceptable but also aligned with international best practices for impartiality and objectivity in the certification process.
C). Yes, considering her past as an employee for CircuitLinking
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