Which of the following open-source projects does SAP BTP, Kyma runtime use to expose and analyze in-cluster telemetry data? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Explanation SAP BTP, Kyma runtime uses the following open-source projects to expose and analyze in-cluster telemetry data: Loki: Loki is a log aggregation system that collects logs from various sources and stores them in a scalable and queryable way. Loki is integrated with Grafana to provide a unified interface for log analysis1. Prometheus: Prometheus is a time-series database that collects metrics from instrumented applications and stores them in a time-series database. Prometheus is a pull-based system, which means that applications need to expose an endpoint from which Prometheus can scrape the metrics2. Grafana: Grafana is a visualization and analysis tool to visualize and query time-series data. With Grafana, you can create dashboards that show the current state of your applications. Grafana can easily visualize data from Prometheus, Loki, and other sources2. References: 1: Accessing the built-in observability tools of Kyma runtime 2: Describing Observability in Kyma
Question 22
What must you do to pull a container image from a private registry? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
Correct Answer: A,D
Explanation To pull a container image from a private registry, you need to create a secret with the type "kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson" and provide the credentials in the pod manifest via "imagePullSecrets" in spec.template.spec. This way, the kubelet can use the secret to authenticate with the private registry and pull the image. The secret type "Opaque" is not suitable for this purpose, as it is a generic type that can store any data. The pod manifest does not support providing credentials via "imagePullSecrets" in spec.template.metadata.annotations, as this is not a valid field. References: Side-by-Side Extensibility Based on SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime - Unit 3 - Lesson 2: Using Secrets, [Kubernetes Documentation - Pull an Image from a Private Registry]
Question 23
What are some characteristics of stateless workloads? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
Correct Answer: B,D
Question 24
Why is a headless service type recommended for StatefulSets in Kubernetes?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation A headless service is defined by setting the clusterIP field to None in the service spec. This tells Kubernetes not to allocate a cluster IP for the service, and to create DNS records only. For StatefulSets, you can use a headless service to control the domain of the pods. The pods that belong to a StatefulSet have a unique identity that is comprised of an ordinal, a stable network identity, and stable storage. The identity sticks to the pod, regardless of which node it's (re)scheduled on. Each pod in a StatefulSet derives its hostname from the name of the StatefulSet and the ordinal of the pod. The pattern for the constructed hostname is (statefulsetname)(ordinal). The example above will create three pods named web-0,web-1,web-2. A StatefulSet can use a headless service to provide network identity for its pods. The service is responsible for creating a DNS record for each pod in the form (podname).(governing service domain). For the previous example, the headless service named nginx will create DNS records for web-0.nginx, web-1.nginx, and web-2.nginx. References: Headless Services StatefulSets Is it required to use a headless service for statefulsets?
Question 25
Which of the following are parts of the architecture of the SAP BTP Service Operator for Kubernetes? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.
