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  1. Home
  2. ECCouncil Certification
  3. 112-51 Exam
  4. ECCouncil.112-51.v2024-08-26.q25 Dumps
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Question 11

Bob, a security professional, was recruited by an organization to ensure that application services are being delivered as expected without any delay. To achieve this, Bob decided to maintain different backup servers for the same resources so that if one backup system fails, another will serve the purpose.
Identify the IA principle employed by Bob in the above scenario.

Correct Answer: A
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Question 12

Alice purchased a new zip-based document bag and placed white papers related to the academic project.
As it contains confidential information, she locked it with a physical security control that requires a sequence of numbers and letters to unlock.
Identify the type of physical locking system used by Alice in the above scenario.

Correct Answer: A
A combination lock is a type of physical locking system that requires a sequence of numbers and letters to unlock. The user has to dial or enter the correct combination to open the lock. Combination locks are commonly used for securing luggage, safes, lockers, etc.In the scenario, Alice locked her zip-based document bag with a combination lock that requires a sequence of numbers and letters to unlock12.References:Network Defense Essentials - EC-Council Learning,Understanding the Various Types of Physical Security Controls
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Question 13

Steve was sharing his confidential file with John via an email that was digitally signed and encrypted. The digital signature was made using the "Diffie-Hellman (X9.42) with DSS" algorithm, and the email was encrypted using triple DES.
Which of the following protocols employs the above features to encrypt an email message?

Correct Answer: A
S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a protocol that provides security services for email messages, such as encryption, digital signature, authentication, and integrity. S/MIME is based on the MIME standard, which defines the format and structure of email messages. S/MIME uses public-key cryptography to encrypt and decrypt the message content and to sign and verify the message sender. S/MIME supports various algorithms for encryption and digital signature, such as Diffie-Hellman, DSS, RSA, and triple DES. S/MIME is widely used for secure email communication in various applications and platforms, such as Outlook, Gmail, and Thunderbird. S/MIME is the protocol that employs the features mentioned in the question, namely Diffie-Hellman (X9.42) with DSS for digital signature and triple DES for encryption.References:
* S/MIME- Week 7: Email Security
* S/MIME - Wikipedia
* S/MIME Version 3.2 Message Specification
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Question 14

Identify the technique through which mobile application marketers utilize the user's location to gather sensitive data and know about users' offline activities from the location data.

Correct Answer: D
Geofencing is a technique that uses the user's location data to create a virtual boundary around a specific geographic area. Mobile applications can use geofencing to trigger certain actions or notifications when the user enters or exits the defined area. For example, a mobile application can send a push notification to the user when they are near a store or a restaurant. However, geofencing can also be used by marketers to gather sensitive data and know about users' offline activities from the location data. For instance, a mobile application can track the user's movements and preferences based on the places they visit and the time they spend there.This can help marketers to target the user with personalized ads and offers, but it can also pose a threat to the user's privacy and security12.References:Network Defense Essentials - EC-Council Learning,Geofencing: What Is It and How Does It Work?
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Question 15

Which of the following algorithms uses a sponge construction where message blocks are XORed into the initial bits of the state that the algorithm then invertible permutes?

Correct Answer: C
SHA-3 is the algorithm that uses a sponge construction where message blocks are XORed into the initial bits of the state that the algorithm then invertible permutes. SHA-3 is a family of cryptographic hash functions that was standardized by NIST in 2015 as a successor to SHA-2. SHA-3 is based on the Keccak algorithm, which won the NIST hash function competition in 2012. SHA-3 uses a sponge construction, which is a simple iterated construction that can produce variable-length output from a fixed-length permutation. The sponge construction operates on a state of b bits, which is divided into two sections: the bitrate r and the capacity c.
The sponge construction has two phases: the absorbing phase and the squeezing phase. In the absorbing phase, the input message is padded and divided into blocks of r bits. Each block is XORed into the first r bits of the state, and then the state is transformed by the permutation function f. This process continues until all the input blocks are processed. In the squeezing phase, the output is generated by repeatedly applying the permutation function f to the state and extracting the first r bits as output blocks. The output can be truncated to the desired length. SHA-3 uses a permutation function f that is based on a round function that consists of five steps: theta, rho, pi, chi, and iota. These steps perform bitwise operations, rotations, permutations, and additions on the state. The permutation function f is invertible, meaning that it can be reversed to obtain the previous state.
SHA-3 has four variants with different output lengths: SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, and SHA3-512.
SHA-3 also supports two additional modes: SHAKE128 and SHAKE256, which are extendable-output functions that can produce arbitrary-length output.References:
* Network Defense Essentials Courseware, EC-Council, 2020, pp. 3-23 to 3-25
* SHA-3 - Wikipedia, Wikipedia, March 16, 2021
* The sponge and duplex constructions - Keccak Team, Keccak Team, 2020
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