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Question 41

You are leading a DevOps project for your organization. The DevOps team is responsible for managing the service infrastructure and being on-call for incidents. The Software Development team is responsible for writing, submitting, and reviewing code. Neither team has any published SLOs. You want to design a new joint-ownership model for a service between the DevOps team and the Software Development team. Which responsibilities should be assigned to each team in the new joint-ownership model?

A.Option A
B.Option B
C.Option C
D.Option D

Correct Answer: D

Explanation
The correct answer is D. Option D.
According to the DevOps best practices, a joint-ownership model for a service between the DevOps team and the Software Development team should follow these principles12:
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should share the responsibility and collaboration for managing the service infrastructure, performing code reviews, and adopting and sharing SLOs for the service.
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should have end-to-end ownership of the service, from design to development to deployment to operation to maintenance.
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should use common tools and processes to facilitate communication, coordination, and feedback.
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should align their goals and incentives with the business outcomes and customer satisfaction.
Option D is the only option that reflects these principles. Option D assigns both teams the responsibilities of managing the service infrastructure, performing code reviews, and adopting and sharing SLOs for the service.
Option D also implies that both teams have end-to-end ownership of the service, as they are involved in every stage of the service lifecycle. Option D also encourages both teams to use common tools and processes, such as GitLab3, to collaborate and communicate effectively. Option D also aligns both teams with the business outcomes and customer satisfaction, as they use SLOs to measure and improve the service quality.
The other options are incorrect because they do not follow the DevOps best practices. Option A is incorrect because it assigns only the DevOps team the responsibility of managing the service infrastructure, which creates a silo between the two teams and reduces their collaboration. Option A also does not assign any responsibility for adopting and sharing SLOs for the service, which means that both teams lack a common metric for measuring and improving the service quality. Option B is incorrect because it assigns only the Software Development team the responsibility of performing code reviews, which creates a gap between the two teams and reduces their feedback. Option B also does not assign any responsibility for adopting and sharing SLOs for the service, which means that both teams lack a common metric for measuring and improving the service quality. Option C is incorrect because it assigns both teams the same responsibilities as option A and option B, which combines their drawbacks.

Question 42

You support a popular mobile game application deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) across several Google Cloud regions. Each region has multiple Kubernetes clusters. You receive a report that none of the users in a specific region can connect to the application. You want to resolve the incident while following Site Reliability Engineering practices. What should you do first?

A.Reroute the user traffic from the affected region to other regions that don't report issues.
B.Use Stackdriver Monitoring to check for a spike in CPU or memory usage for the affected region.
C.Add an extra node pool that consists of high memory and high CPU machine type instances to the cluster.
D.Use Stackdriver Logging to filter on the clusters in the affected region, and inspect error messages in the logs.

Question 43

You are leading a DevOps project for your organization. The DevOps team is responsible for managing the service infrastructure and being on-call for incidents. The Software Development team is responsible for writing, submitting, and reviewing code. Neither team has any published SLOs. You want to design a new joint-ownership model for a service between the DevOps team and the Software Development team. Which responsibilities should be assigned to each team in the new joint-ownership model?

A.Option A
B.Option B
C.Option C
D.Option D

Correct Answer: D

The correct answer is D. Option D)
According to the DevOps best practices, a joint-ownership model for a service between the DevOps team and the Software Development team should follow these principles12:
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should share the responsibility and collaboration for managing the service infrastructure, performing code reviews, and adopting and sharing SLOs for the service.
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should have end-to-end ownership of the service, from design to development to deployment to operation to maintenance.
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should use common tools and processes to facilitate communication, coordination, and feedback.
The DevOps team and the Software Development team should align their goals and incentives with the business outcomes and customer satisfaction.
Option D is the only option that reflects these principles. Option D assigns both teams the responsibilities of managing the service infrastructure, performing code reviews, and adopting and sharing SLOs for the service. Option D also implies that both teams have end-to-end ownership of the service, as they are involved in every stage of the service lifecycle. Option D also encourages both teams to use common tools and processes, such as GitLab3, to collaborate and communicate effectively. Option D also aligns both teams with the business outcomes and customer satisfaction, as they use SLOs to measure and improve the service quality.
The other options are incorrect because they do not follow the DevOps best practices. Option A is incorrect because it assigns only the DevOps team the responsibility of managing the service infrastructure, which creates a silo between the two teams and reduces their collaboration. Option A also does not assign any responsibility for adopting and sharing SLOs for the service, which means that both teams lack a common metric for measuring and improving the service quality. Option B is incorrect because it assigns only the Software Development team the responsibility of performing code reviews, which creates a gap between the two teams and reduces their feedback. Option B also does not assign any responsibility for adopting and sharing SLOs for the service, which means that both teams lack a common metric for measuring and improving the service quality. Option C is incorrect because it assigns both teams the same responsibilities as option A and option B, which combines their drawbacks.
Reference:
5 key organizational models for DevOps teams | GitLab, 5 key organizational models for DevOps teams | GitLab. Building a Culture of Full-Service Ownership - DevOps.com, Building a Culture of Full-Service Ownership - DevOps.com. GitLab, GitLab.

Question 44

You are running an application in a virtual machine (VM) using a custom Debian image. The image has the Stackdriver Logging agent installed. The VM has the cloud-platform scope. The application is logging information via syslog. You want to use Stackdriver Logging in the Google Cloud Platform Console to visualize the logs. You notice that syslog is not showing up in the "All logs" dropdown list of the Logs Viewer. What is the first thing you should do?

A.SSH to the VM and execute the following commands on your VM: ps ax I grep fluentd
B.Install the most recent version of the Stackdriver agent.
C.Verify the VM service account access scope includes the monitoring.write scope.
D.Look for the agent's test log entry in the Logs Viewer.

Question 45

You are on-call for an infrastructure service that has a large number of dependent systems. You receive an alert indicating that the service is failing to serve most of its requests and all of its dependent systems with hundreds of thousands of users are affected. As part of your Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) incident management protocol, you declare yourself Incident Commander (IC) and pull in two experienced people from your team as Operations Lead (OLJ and Communications Lead (CL). What should you do next?

A.Establish a communication channel where incident responders and leads can communicate with each other.
B.Look for ways to mitigate user impact and deploy the mitigations to production.
C.Contact the affected service owners and update them on the status of the incident.
D.Start a postmortem, add incident information, circulate the draft internally, and ask internal stakeholders for input.

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