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  1. Home
  2. Linux Foundation Certification
  3. KCSA Exam
  4. LinuxFoundation.KCSA.v2026-03-21.q21 Dumps
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Question 6

Which other controllers are part of the kube-controller-manager inside the Kubernetes cluster?

Correct Answer: D
* kube-controller-managerruns a set of controllers that regulate the cluster's state.
* Exact extract (Kubernetes Docs):"The kube-controller-manager runs controllers that are core to Kubernetes. Examples of controllers are: Node controller, Replication controller, Endpoints controller, Namespace controller, and ServiceAccounts controller."
* Why D is correct:All listed are actual controllers within kube-controller-manager.
* Why others are wrong:
* A:Job and CronJob controllers are managed by kube-controller-manager, but DaemonSet controller is managed by the kube-scheduler/deployment logic.
* B:Pod, Service, Ingress controllers are not part of kube-controller-manager.
* C:ConfigMap and Secret do not have dedicated controllers.
References:
Kubernetes Docs - kube-controller-manager: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools- reference/kube-controller-manager/
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Question 7

Which way of defining security policy brings consistency, minimizes toil, and reduces the probability of misconfiguration?

Correct Answer: A
* Defining policiesas code (declarative)is a best practice in Kubernetes and cloud-native security.
* This is aligned withGitOpsandPolicy-as-Codeprinciples (OPA Gatekeeper, Kyverno, etc.).
* Exact extract (CNCF Security Whitepaper):
* "Policy-as-Code enables declarative definition and enforcement of security policies, bringing consistency, automation, and reducing misconfiguration risk."
* Manual audits, ad-hoc scripting, or individual configurations are error-prone and inconsistent.
References:
CNCF Security Whitepaper:https://github.com/cncf/tag-security
Kubernetes Docs - Policy as Code (OPA, Kyverno): https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/security/
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Question 8

Is it possible to restrict permissions so that a controller can only change the image of a deployment (without changing anything else about it, e.g., environment variables, commands, replicas, secrets)?

Correct Answer: B
* RBAC in Kubernetesis coarse-grained: it controlsverbs(get, update, patch, delete) onresources(e.g., deployments), butnot individual fieldswithin a resource.
* There isno /image subresource for deployments(there is one for pods but only for ephemeral containers).
* Therefore,RBAC cannot restrict changes only to the image field.
* Admission Webhooks(mutating/validating)canenforce fine-grained policies (e.g., deny updates that change anything other than spec.containers[*].image).
* Exact extract (Kubernetes Docs - Admission Webhooks):
* "Admission webhooks can be used to enforce custom policies on objects being admitted." References:
Kubernetes Docs - RBAC: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/ Kubernetes Docs - Admission Webhooks: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz
/extensible-admission-controllers/
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Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly describes a container breakout?

Correct Answer: D
* Container breakoutrefers to an attacker escaping container isolation and reaching thehost OS.
* Once the host is compromised, the attacker can accessother containers, Kubernetes nodes, or escalate further.
* Exact extract (Kubernetes Security Docs):
* "If an attacker gains access to a container, they may attempt a container breakout to gain access to the host system."
* Other options clarified:
* A: Network access inside a Pod # breakout.
* B: Resource exhaustion is aDoS, not a breakout.
* C: Cloud infrastructure compromise is possibleafterhost compromise, but not the definition of breakout.
References:
Kubernetes Security Concepts: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/security/ CNCF Security Whitepaper (Threats section):https://github.com/cncf/tag-security
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Question 10

In order to reduce the attack surface of the Scheduler, which default parameter should be set to false?

Correct Answer: B
* Thekube-schedulerexposes aprofiling/debugging endpointwhen --profiling=true (default).
* This can unnecessarily increase the attack surface.
* Best practice: set --profiling=false in production.
* Exact extract (Kubernetes Docs - kube-scheduler flags):
* "--profiling (default true): Enable profiling via web interface host:port/debug/pprof/."
* Why others are wrong:
* --scheduler-name: just identifies the scheduler, not a security risk.
* --secure-kubeconfig: not a valid flag.
* --bind-address: changing it limits exposure but is not the default risk parameter for profiling.
References:
Kubernetes Docs - kube-scheduler options: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools- reference/kube-scheduler/
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