Free Access to BCS.CTFL4.v2025-05-12.q54 with Valid Practice Test (Page 2)

Question 1

A system has a self-diagnostics module that starts executing after the system is reset. The diagnostics are running 12 different tests on the systems memory hardware. The following is one of the requirements set for the diagnostics module:
'The time taking the diagnostics tests to execute shall be less than 2 seconds' Which of the following is a failure related to the specified requirement?

A.The diagnostic tests fail to start after a system reset
B.The diagnostic tests take too much time to execute
C.The diagnostic tests that measure the speed of the memory, fail
D.The diagnostic tests fail due to incorrect implementation of the test code

Question 2

During component testing of a program if 100% decision coverage is achieved, which of the following coverage criteria is also guaranteed to be 100%?

A.100% Stale transition coverage
B.100% Equivalence class coverage
C.100% Boundary value coverage
D.100% Statement coverage

Correct Answer: D

Statement coverage is a structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of executable statements in the source code that are executed by a test suite1. Decision coverage is another structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of decision outcomes (such as branches or conditions) in the source code that are executed by a test suite1. Decision coverage is a stronger metric than statement coverage, because it requires that every possible outcome of each decision is tested, while statement coverage only requires that every statement is executed at least once2. Therefore, if a test suite achieves 100% decision coverage, it also implies that it achieves 100% statement coverage, because every statement in every branch or condition must have been executed. However, the converse is not true: 100% statement coverage does not guarantee 100% decision coverage, because some branches or conditions may have multiple outcomes that are not tested by the test suite2. For example, consider the following pseudocode:
if (x > 0) then print("Positive") else print("Non-positive") end if
A test suite that executes this code with x = 1 and x = -1 will achieve 100% statement coverage, because both print statements are executed. However, it will not achieve 100% decision coverage, because the condition x > 0 has only been tested with two outcomes: true and false. The third possible outcome, x = 0, has not been tested by the test suite. Therefore, the test suite may miss a potential bug or error in the condition or the branch.
The other options, such as stale transition coverage, equivalence class coverage, and boundary value coverage, are not guaranteed to be 100% by achieving 100% decision coverage. Stale transition coverage is a structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of transitions between states in a state machine that are executed by a test suite3. Equivalence class coverage is a functional coverage metric that measures the percentage of equivalence classes (or partitions) of input or output values that are tested by a test suite4. Boundary value coverage is another functional coverage metric that measures the percentage of boundary values (or extreme values) of input or output ranges that are tested by a test suite4. These metrics are independent of decision coverage, because they are based on different aspects of the system under test, such as its behavior, functionality, or specification. Therefore, achieving 100% decision coverage does not imply achieving 100% of any of these metrics, and vice versa. Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Test Coverage in Software Testing - Guru99, Structural Coverage Metrics - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks India, Test Design Coverage in Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks.

Question 3

The following state transition diagram describes the functionality involved in a system using fingerprint and password authentication to log onto a system.

How many distinct states of the system are visible in the above diagram?

A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4

Question 4

Which of the following statements about estimation of the test effort is WRONG?

A.Once the test effort is estimated, resources can be identified and a schedule can be drawn up.
B.Effort estimate can be inaccurate because the quality of the product under tests is not known.
C.Effort estimate depends on the budget of the project.
D.Experience based estimation is one of the estimation techniques.

Correct Answer: C

Effort estimate does not depend on the budget of the project, but rather on the scope, complexity, and quality of the software product and the testing activities1. Budget is a constraint that may affect the feasibility and accuracy of the effort estimate, but it is not a factor that determines the effort estimate. Effort estimate is the amount of work required to complete the testing activities, measured in terms of person-hours, person-days, or person-months2.
The other options are correct because:
A . Once the test effort is estimated, resources can be identified and a schedule can be drawn up, as they are interrelated aspects of the test planning process3. Resources are the people, tools, equipment, and facilities needed to perform the testing activities4. Schedule is the time frame and sequence of the testing activities, aligned with the project milestones and deadlines5.
B . Effort estimate can be inaccurate because the quality of the product under tests is not known, as it affects the number and severity of the defects that may be found and the rework that may be needed to fix them6. Quality is the degree to which the software product satisfies the specified requirements and meets the needs and expectations of the users and clients7.
D . Experience based estimation is one of the estimation techniques, which relies on the judgment and expertise of the testers and other project stakeholders to estimate the test effort based on similar projects or tasks done in the past. Experience based estimation can be useful when there is a lack of historical data, formal methods, or detailed information about the software product and the testing activities.
Reference =
1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 154
2 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 155
3 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 156
4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 157
5 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 158
6 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 159
7 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 16
[8] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 160
[9] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 161

Question 5

Consider the following examples of risks identified in different software development projects
[1]. It may not be possible to generate the expected workloads to run performance tests, due to the poor hardware equipment of the machines (load injectors) that should generate these workloads.
[ii]. A user's session on a web application is not invalidated after a certain period of inactivity (configured by the system administrator) of the user,
[iii]. The test team will not have an adequate requirements specification (since many requirements will still be missing) by the time test design and analysis activities should begin according to the test plan.
[IV]. Following a failure, the system is unable to continue to maintain its pre-failure operation and some data becomes corrupted.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.[ii] and [IV] are product risks; [i] and [iii] are project risks
B.[ii]and [iii] are product risks. [I] and [IV] are project risks.
C.[i], and [iV] are product risks; [ii] and [iii] are project risks
D.[i], [II] and [iii] are product risks, [IV] is a project risk.

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