According to Porter, which of the following is associated with fragmented industries?

• A.Weak entrance barriers.
• B.Significant scale economies.
• C.Strong negotiation power with suppliers.
• D.Steep experience curve.

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Which of the following are appropriate functions for an IT steering committee?
1. Assess the technical adequacy of standards for systems design and programming.
2. Continually monitor of the adequacy and accuracy of software and hardware in use.
3. Assess the effects of new technology on the organization`s IT operations.
4. Provide broad oversight of implementation, training, and operation of new systems.

• A.1, 2, and 3
• B.1, 2, and 4
• C.1, 3, and 4
• D.2, 3, and 4

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A corporation reported salaries expense of US $190,000 for December of the current year. The following data are from its records:

The amount of cash payments for salaries during December of the current year was

• A.US $154,000
• B.US $166,000
• C.US $214,000
• D.US $226,000

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A change in an accounting estimate is shown on the income statement:

• A.Only in the relevant account
• B.In a separate section entitled extraordinary items.
• C.In a separate section after continuing operations but before extraordinary items.
• D.As a cumulative-effect adjustment.

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Management has decided to change the organizational structure from one that was previously decentralized to one that is now highly centralized. As such: which of the following would be a characteristic of the now highly centralized organization?

• A.Reliance is placed on top management decision making by few of the organization's departments.
• B.The decisions made at the lower levels of management are considered very important.
• C.Top management does little monitoring of the decisions made at lower levels.
• D.Decisions made at lower levels in the organizational structure are few.

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