Which sequence of state transition stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting me life-cycle of a defect?
Correct Answer: C
The figure depicts the life-cycle of a defect using state transition testing. State transition testing is a technique that models how a system transitions from one state to another depending on events or conditions. The figure shows six states (S0 to S5) and seven transitions (T0 to T6). The correct sequence of state transitions that follows the figure is S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3. This sequence represents the following scenario: * S0: The defect is not yet detected (initial state). * T0: The defect is detected by testing (event). * S1: The defect is reported and registered (state). * T1: The defect is assigned to a developer for fixing (event). * S2: The defect is being fixed by the developer (state). * T2: The developer fixes the defect and delivers a new version (event). * S3: The defect is verified by testing (state). * T5: The testing fails to confirm that the defect is fixed (event). * S5: The defect is rejected by testing (state). * T6: The defect is reassigned to a developer for fixing (event). * S1: The defect is reported and registered (state). * T1: The defect is assigned to a developer for fixing (event). * S2: The defect is being fixed by the developer (state). * T2: The developer fixes the defect and delivers a new version (event). * S3: The defect is verified by testing (state). The other sequences are incorrect, as they do not follow the transitions shown in the figure. Verified References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 4, page 40-41.
Question 27
A software calculates the annual car tax using three inputs: - E; the emission level of the vehicle - P: the power of the vehicle -T the type of the vehicle The input value for P can be integer positive values between 15 and 350. Which of the following answers contains a correct list of a boundary values for the P input?
Correct Answer: B
A correct list of boundary values for the P input should include the minimum and maximum values of the valid range (15 and 350), as well as the values just below and above the boundaries (14 and 351). Boundary value analysis is a test design technique that involves testing the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain or output range, as these values are more likely to cause errors than values in the middle. Option B satisfies this condition, as it has all four boundary values (14, 15, 350, 351). Option A has only two boundary values (14 and 351), option C has only two boundary values (15 and 350), and option D has no boundary values at all. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 34.
Question 28
Which of the following s the most correct statement about state testing techniques?
Correct Answer: A
State testing techniques are a type of dynamic testing techniques that are based on the behavior of the system under test for different input conditions and events. Dynamic testing techniques require the system to be executed with test cases, whereas static testing techniques do not. Static testing techniques can be applied before the code is ready for execution, such as reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and static analysis. Static testing techniques can help find defects early in the development process, improve the quality of the code, and reduce the cost and effort of dynamic testing. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.1, Page 281; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Page 292
Question 29
A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment". If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle. Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?
Correct Answer: D
* A product risk is a risk that affects the quality or timeliness of the software product being developed or tested1. Product risks are related to the requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance of the software product2. * The risk of the sub-contractor failing to meet his commitment is a product risk, as it could cause a delay in the completion of the testing required for the current cycle, which in turn could affect the release date of the product. The release date is an important aspect of the product quality, as it reflects the customer satisfaction and the market competitiveness of the product3. * The other options are not correct because: * A. It is not true that any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk. Some risks could be project risks, which are risks that affect the management or control of the software project, such as budget, resources, schedule, or communication1. For example, a risk of losing a key project stakeholder is a project risk, not a product risk. * B. It is not true that the risk is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party is managing it. The Test Manager is still responsible for ensuring that the testing activities are completed according to the test plan and the quality objectives4. The Test Manager should monitor and control the sub-contractor's performance and communicate with him regularly to identify and mitigate any potential issues or deviations5. * C. It is not clear what is meant by "object" in this option, but it could be interpreted as the software system under test or the test object6. In any case, the risk is not an object risk, as it does not affect the successful completion of the object, but rather the successful completion of the testing of the object. An object risk could be a risk that affects the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, or portability of the software system under test2. For example, a risk of the software system having a high complexity or a low testability is an object risk, not a product risk. References = * 1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97 * 2 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98 * 3 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 99 * 4 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 100 * 5 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 101 * 6 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 102
Question 30
Which sequence of stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting the life-cycle of a defect?
Correct Answer: D
According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0, the life cycle of a defect typically follows a sequence from its discovery to its closure. In the provided figure, it starts with S0 (New), moves to S1 (Assigned), then to S2 (Resolved), followed by S3 (Verified). If the defect is not fixed, it can be Re- opened (S5) and goes back for verification (S3). Once verified, it is Closed (S4). References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.4.3, Page 17.
