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  2. Linux Foundation Certification
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  4. LinuxFoundation.CNPA.v2026-01-14.q30 Dumps
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Question 6

In a GitOps workflow, how should application environments be managed when promoting an application from staging to production?

Correct Answer: A
In GitOps workflows, the source of truth for environments is stored in Git. Promotion from staging to production is managed by merging changes into the production branch or repository. Option A is correct because once changes are merged, the GitOps operator (e.g., Argo CD, Flux) automatically detects the updated desired state in Git and reconciles it with the production environment.
Option B (creating new environments each time) is inefficient and unnecessary. Option C (manual updates) violates GitOps principles of automation and auditability. Option D (direct deployments) reverts to a push- based CI/CD model rather than GitOps' pull-based reconciliation.
By relying on Git as the single source of truth, GitOps ensures version control, auditability, and rollback capabilities. This allows consistent, reproducible promotion between environments while reducing human error.
References:- CNCF GitOps Principles- CNCF Platforms Whitepaper- Cloud Native Platform Engineering Study Guide
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Question 7

As a platform engineer, a critical application has been deployed using Helm, but a recent update introduced a severe bug. To quickly restore the application to its previous stable version, which Helm command should be used?

Correct Answer: A
Helm provides native support for managing versioned releases, allowing easy rollback in case of issues.
Option A is correct because the helm rollback <release_name> <revision> command reverts the deployment to a previously known stable release without requiring a redeployment from scratch. This ensures fast recovery and minimizes downtime after a faulty upgrade.
Option B (helm upgrade --force) attempts to reapply an upgrade but does not restore the previous version.
Option C (helm template) only renders Kubernetes manifests from charts and does not affect running releases.
Option D (helm uninstall) removes the release entirely, which is not suitable for quick recovery.
Rollback functionality is essential in platform engineering for resilience and rapid mitigation of production issues. By using helm rollback, teams align with best practices for safe, controlled release management in Kubernetes environments.
References:- CNCF Helm Documentation- CNCF Platforms Whitepaper- Cloud Native Platform Engineering Study Guide
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Question 8

What is the primary purpose of Kubernetes runtime security?

Correct Answer: B
The main purpose of Kubernetes runtime security is to protect workloads during execution. Option B is correct because runtime security focuses on monitoring active Pods, containers, and processes to detect and prevent malicious activity such as privilege escalation, anomalous network connections, or unauthorized file access.
Option A (etcd encryption) addresses data at rest, not runtime. Option C (image scanning) occurs pre- deployment, not during execution. Option D (API access control) is enforced through RBAC and IAM, not runtime security.
Runtime security solutions (e.g., Falco, Cilium, or Kyverno) continuously observe system calls, network traffic, and workload behaviors to enforce policies and detect threats in real time. This ensures compliance, strengthens defenses in zero-trust environments, and provides critical protection for cloud native workloads in production.
References:- CNCF Security TAG Guidance- CNCF Platforms Whitepaper- Cloud Native Platform Engineering Study Guide
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Question 9

In a cloud native environment, which factor most critically influences the need for customized CI pipeline configurations across different application types?

Correct Answer: B
The biggest driver for customizing CI pipeline configurations across application types is technical differences between programming languages, frameworks, and artifact formats. Option B is correct because applications written in Java, Python, Go, or Node.js require different build tools (e.g., Maven, pip, go build, npm), testing frameworks, and packaging mechanisms. These differences must be reflected in the CI pipeline to ensure successful builds, tests, and artifact generation.
Option A (priority-based pipelines) is more of an organizational practice, not a technical necessity. Option C (team sizes and expertise) may influence usability but does not drive pipeline configuration. Option D (visual distinction) relates to dashboards and observability, not pipeline functionality.
Platform engineers often provide pipeline templates or abstractions that encapsulate these differences while standardizing security and compliance checks. This balances customization with consistency, enabling developers to use pipelines suited to their technology stack without fragmenting governance.
References:- CNCF Platforms Whitepaper- Continuous Delivery Foundation Guidance- Cloud Native Platform Engineering Study Guide
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Question 10

During a CI/CD pipeline setup, at which stage should the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) be generated to provide most valuable insights into dependencies?

Correct Answer: C
The most effective stage to generate a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is during the build process.
Option C is correct because the build phase is when dependencies are resolved and artifacts (e.g., container images, binaries) are created. Generating an SBOM at this point provides a complete, accurate inventory of all included libraries and components, which is critical for vulnerability scanning, license compliance, and supply chain security.
Option A (testing) is too late to capture all dependencies reliably. Option B (before committing code) cannot provide a full SBOM because builds often introduce additional dependencies. Option D (after deployment) delays insights until production, missing the opportunity to detect and remediate issues early.
Integrating SBOM generation into CI/CD pipelines enables shift-left security, ensuring vulnerabilities are detected early and allowing remediation before artifacts reach production. This aligns with CNCF supply chain security practices and platform engineering goals.
References:- CNCF Supply Chain Security Whitepaper- CNCF Platforms Whitepaper- Cloud Native Platform Engineering Study Guide
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