Free Access to PECB.ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor.v2026-01-12.q371 with Valid Practice Test (Page 5)

Question 16

Scenario 5: Cobt. an insurance company in London, offers various commercial, industrial, and life insurance solutions. In recent years, the number of Cobt's clients has increased enormously. Having a huge amount of data to process, the company decided that certifying against ISO/IEC 27001 would bring many benefits to securing information and show its commitment to continual improvement. While the company was well-versed in conducting regular risk assessments, implementing an ISMS brought major changes to its daily operations. During the risk assessment process, a risk was identified where significant defects occurred without being detected or prevented by the organizations internal control mechanisms.
The company followed a methodology to implement the ISMS and had an operational ISMS in place after only a few months After successfully implementing the ISMS, Cobt applied for ISO/IEC 27001 certification Sarah, an experienced auditor, was assigned to the audit Upon thoroughly analyzing the audit offer, Sarah accepted her responsibilities as an audit team leader and immediately started to obtain general information about Cobt She established the audit criteria and objective, planned the audit, and assigned the audit team members' responsibilities.
Sarah acknowledged that although Cobt has expanded significantly by offering diverse commercial and insurance solutions, it still relies on some manual processes Therefore, her initial focus was to gather information on how the company manages its information security risks Sarah contacted Cobt's representatives to request access to information related to risk management for the off-site review, as initially agreed upon for part of the audit However, Cobt later refused, claiming that such information is too sensitive to be accessed outside of the company This refusal raised concerns about the audit's feasibility, particularly regarding the availability and cooperation of the auditee and access to evidence Moreover, Cobt raised concerns about the audit schedule, stating that it does not properly reflect the recent changes the company made It pointed out that the actions to be performed during the audit apply only to the initial scope and do not encompass the latest changes made in the audit scope Sarah also evaluated the materiality of the situation, considering the significance of the information denied for the audit objectives. In this case, the refusal by Cobt raised questions about the completeness of the audit and its ability to provide reasonable assurance. Following these situations, Sarah decided to withdraw from the audit before a certification agreement was signed and communicated her decision to Cobt and the certification body. This decision was made to ensure adherence to audit principles and maintain transparency, highlighting her commitment to consistently upholding these principles.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on the information provided in Scenario 5, Cobt refused to provide the auditors with information on risk management. How would you, as an auditor, resolve such a situation?

A.By only accessing such information on-site or when Cobt's representatives are present
B.By refusing the audit mandate since it is within an auditor's right to do so when the confidentiality agreement is not followed
C.By reminding Cobt's representatives that the audit team leader decides the access that the audit team should have to information during the audit process

Question 17

You are performing an ISMS initial certification audit at a residential nursing home that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to conduct the closing meeting. During the final audit team meeting, as an audit team leader, you agree to report 2 minor nonconformities and 1 opportunity for improvement as below:

Select one option of the recommendation to the audit programme manager you are going to advise to the auditee at the closing meeting.

A.Recommend certification immediately
B.Recommend that a full scope re-audit is required within 6 months
C.Recommend that an unannounced audit is carried out at a future date
D.Recommend certification after your approval of the proposed corrective action plan Recommend that the findings can be closed out at a surveillance audit in 1 year
E.Recommend that a partial audit is required within 3 months

Correct Answer: D

Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, which specifies the requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems, clause 9.4.9 requires the certification body to make a certification decision based on the information obtained during the audit and any other relevant information1. The certification body should also consider the effectiveness of the corrective actions taken by the auditee to address any nonconformities identified during the audit1. Therefore, when making a recommendation to the audit programme manager, an ISMS auditor should consider the nature and severity of the nonconformities and the proposed corrective actions.
Based on the scenario above, the auditor should recommend certification after their approval of the proposed corrective action plan and recommend that the findings can be closed out at a surveillance audit in 1 year. The auditor should provide the following justification for their recommendation:
Justification: This recommendation is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditee has only two minor nonconformities and one opportunity for improvement, which do not indicate a significant or systemic failure of their ISMS. A minor nonconformity is defined as a failure to achieve one or more requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 or a situation which raises significant doubt about the ability of an ISMS process to achieve its intended output, but does not affect its overall effectiveness or conformity2. An opportunity for improvement is defined as a suggestion for improvement beyond what is required by ISO/IEC 27001:20222. Therefore, these findings do not prevent or preclude certification, as long as they are addressed by appropriate corrective actions within a reasonable time frame. The auditor should approve the proposed corrective action plan before recommending certification, to ensure that it is realistic, achievable, and effective. The auditor should also recommend that the findings can be closed out at a surveillance audit in 1 year, to verify that the corrective actions have been implemented and are working as intended.
The other options are not valid recommendations for the audit programme manager, as they are either too lenient or too strict for the given scenario. For example:
Recommend certification immediately: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor ignores or accepts the nonconformities, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO
19011:20182, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems. It also contradicts the requirement of ISO/IEC 17021-1:20151, which requires the certification body to consider the effectiveness of the corrective actions taken by the auditee before making a certification decision.
Recommend that a full scope re-audit is required within 6 months: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor overreacts or exaggerates the nonconformities, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO 19011:20182. It also contradicts the requirement of ISO/IEC
17021-1:20151, which requires the certification body to determine whether a re-audit is necessary based on the nature and extent of nonconformities and other relevant factors. A full scope re-audit is usually reserved for major nonconformities or multiple minor nonconformities that indicate a serious or widespread failure of an ISMS.
Recommend that an unannounced audit is carried out at a future date: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor distrusts or doubts the auditee's commitment or capability to implement corrective actions, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO 19011:20182. It also contradicts the requirement of ISO/IEC 17021-1:20151, which requires the certification body to conduct unannounced audits only under certain conditions, such as when there are indications of serious problems with an ISMS or when required by sector-specific schemes.
Recommend that a partial audit is required within 3 months: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor imposes or prescribes a specific time frame or scope for verifying corrective actions, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO 19011:20182. It also contradicts the requirement of ISO/IEC 17021-1:20151, which requires the certification body to determine whether a partial audit is necessary based on the nature and extent of nonconformities and other relevant factors. A partial audit may be appropriate for minor nonconformities, but the time frame and scope should be agreed upon with the auditee and based on the proposed corrective action plan.
References: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 - Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements, ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

Question 18

Select the words that best complete the sentence:
To complete the sentence with the best word(s), click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.

Question 19

You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home called ABC that provides healthcare services.
The next step in your audit plan is to verify the information security of ABC's healthcare mobile app development, support, and lifecycle process. During the audit, you learned the organisation outsourced the mobile app development to a professional software development organisation with CMMI Level 5, ITSM (ISO/IEC 20000-1), BCMS (ISO 22301) and ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) certified.
The IT Manager presents the software security management procedure and summarises the process as follows:
The mobile app development shall adopt "security-by-design" and "security-by-default" principles, as a minimum. The following security functions for personal data protection shall be available:
Access control.
Personal data encryption, i.e., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, key lengths: 256 bits; and Personal data pseudonymization.
Vulnerability checked and no security backdoor
You sample the latest Mobile App Test report - Reference ID: 0098, details as follows:

You would like to investigate other areas further to collect more audit evidence. Select three options that will not be in your audit trail.

A.Collect more evidence on how much residents' family members pay to install ABC's healthcare mobile app. (Relevant to clause 4.2)
B.Collect more evidence by downloading and testing the mobile app on your phone. (Relevant to control A.8.1)
C.Collect more evidence to determine the number of users of ABC's healthcare mobile app. (relevant to clause 4.2)
D.Collect more evidence on how the organisation performs testing of personal data handling. (Relevant to control A.5.34)
E.Collect more evidence on the organisation's business continuity policy. (Relevant to control A.5.30)
F.Collect more evidence on how the organisation manages information security in the selection of an external service provider. (Relevant to control A.5.19)
G.Collect more evidence on how the developer trains its product support personnel. (Relevant to clause 7.2)
H.Collect more evidence to verify the developer's CMMI Level 5, ITSM (ISO/IEC 20000-1), BCMS (ISO 22301) and ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) certification. (Relevant to control A.5.21)

Question 20

You are performing an ISO 27001 ISMS surveillance audit at a residential nursing home, ABC Healthcare Services. ABC uses a healthcare mobile app designed and maintained by a supplier, WeCare, to monitor residents' well-being. During the audit, you learn that 90% of the residents' family members regularly receive medical device advertisements from WeCare, by email and SMS once a week. The service agreement between ABC and WeCare prohibits the supplier from using residents' personal data. ABC has received many complaints from residents and their family members.
The Service Manager says that the complaints were investigated as an information security incident which found that they were justified.
Corrective actions have been planned and implemented according to the nonconformity and corrective action management procedure.
You write a nonconformity "ABC failed to comply with information security control A.5.34 (Privacy and protection of PII) relating to the personal data of residents' and their family members. A supplier, WeCare, used residents' personal information to send advertisements to family members." Select three options of the corrections and corrective actions listed that you would expect ABC to make in response to the nonconformity.

A.ABC asks an ISMS consultant to test the ABC Healthcare mobile app for protection against cyber-crime.
B.ABC cancels the service agreement with WeCare.
C.ABC confirms that information security control A.5.34 is contained in the Statement of Applicability (SoA).
D.ABC discontinues the use of the ABC Healthcare mobile app.
E.ABC introduces background checks on information security performance for all suppliers.
F.ABC periodically monitors compliance with all applicable legislation and contractual requirements involving third parties.
G.ABC takes legal action against WeCare for breach of contract.
H.ABC trains all staff on the importance of maintaining information security protocols.

Correct Answer: B,E,F

The three options of the corrections and corrective actions listed that you would expect ABC to make in response to the nonconformity are:
* B. ABC cancels the service agreement with WeCare.
* E. ABC introduces background checks on information security performance for all suppliers.
* F. ABC periodically monitors compliance with all applicable legislation and contractual requirements involving third parties.
* B. This option is a possible correction and corrective action that ABC could take to address the nonconformity. A correction is the action taken to eliminate a detected nonconformity, while a corrective action is the action taken to eliminate the cause of a nonconformity and to prevent its recurrence1. By cancelling the service agreement with WeCare, ABC could stop the unauthorized use of residents' personal data and protect their privacy and rights. This could also prevent further complaints and legal issues from the residents and their family members. However, this option may also have some drawbacks, such as the loss of a service provider, the need to find an alternative solution, and the potential impact on the residents' well-being.
* E. This option is a possible corrective action that ABC could take to address the nonconformity. By introducing background checks on information security performance for all suppliers, ABC could ensure that they select and work with reliable and trustworthy partners who respect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information they handle. This could also help ABC to comply with information security control A.15.1.1 (Information security policy for supplier relationships), which requires the organisation to agree and document information security requirements for mitigating the risks associated with supplier access to the organisation's assets2.
* F. This option is a possible corrective action that ABC could take to address the nonconformity. By periodically monitoring compliance with all applicable legislation and contractual requirements involving third parties, ABC could verify that the suppliers are fulfilling their obligations and responsibilities regarding information security. This could also help ABC to comply with information security control A.18.1.1 (Identification of applicable legislation and contractual requirements), which requires the organisation to identify, document, and keep up to date the relevant legislative, regulatory, contractual, and other requirements to which the organisation is subject3.
References:
1: ISO 27000:2018 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Overview and vocabulary, clause 3.9 and 3.10 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology
- Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Annex A, control A.15.1.1 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Annex A, control A.18.1.1

Question 16

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Question 18

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Question 20

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